An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
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فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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Number of Results: 13 Search : longitude
celestial longitude
  درژنای ِ آسمانی   
derežnâ-ye âsmâni

Fr.: longitude céleste   

Angular distance to an object measured eastward along the → ecliptic from the → vernal equinox.

celestial; → longitude.

Derežnâ, → longitude; âsmânicelestial.

circle of longitude
  پرهون ِ درژنا   
parhun-e derežnâ

Fr.: méridien   

1) A great circle of the celestial sphere, from the pole to the ecliptic at right angles to the plane of the ecliptic.
2) A great circle on the terrestrial surface that meets the North and South poles and connects all places of the same longitude.

circle; → longitude.

ecliptic longitude
  درژنای ِ هورپهی   
derežnâ-ye hurpehi

Fr.: longitude écliptique   

One of the two coordinates in the → ecliptic system; the angle measured eastwards along the ecliptic from 0° to 360°, with the origin at the → vernal equinox.

ecliptic; → longitude.

Galactic longitude
  درژنا‌ی ِ کهکشانی   
derežnâ-ye kahkešâni

Fr.: longitude galactique   

In the → Galactic coordinate system, the angle between the → Galactic Center and the projection of the object on the → Galactic plane. Galactic longitude, usually represented by the symbol lII, ranges from 0 degrees to 360 degrees.

galactic; → longitude.

general precession in longitude
  پیشایان ِ هروینِ درژنا   
pišâyân-e harvin-e derežnâ

Fr.: précession générale en longitude   

The secular displacement of the → equinox on the → ecliptic of date.

general; → precession; → longitude.

geocentric longitude
  درژنای ِ زمین-مرکزی   
derežnâ-ye zamin-markazi

Fr.: longitude géocentrique   

The same as → geodetic longitude.

geocentric; → longitude.

geodetic longitude
  درژنای ِ زمین‌سنجیک   
derežnâ-ye zamin-sanjik

Fr.: longitude géodésique   

The angle between the plane of the → geodetic meridian and the plane of of the geodetic meridian through the site of the → Airy transit circle at the Royal Greenwich Observatory.

geodetic; → longitude.

libration in longitude
  هلازان ِ درژنایی   
halâzân-e derežnâyi

Fr.: libration en longitude   

A tiny oscillating motion of the → Moon arising from the fact that the Moon's orbit is not a precise circle but rather an → ellipse. Therefore, Moon is sometimes a little closer to the Earth than at other times, and as a result its → orbital velocity varies a bit. Since the Moon's rotation on its own axis is more regular, the difference appears as a slight east-west oscillation. Libration in longitude is the most significant kind of libration. It varies between about 4°.5 and 8°.1 because of gravitational perturbations in the Moon's orbit caused by the Sun.

libration; → longitude.

longitude
  درژنا   
derežnâ

Fr.: longitude   

The angular distance on the Earth's surface, measured east or west from the prime meridian at Greenwich to the meridian passing through a position, expressed in degrees (or hours), minutes, and seconds.

L. longitudo "length," from longus "long," cognate with Pers. derâz, as below, Gk. dolikhos "elongated;" O.H.G., Ger. lang, O.N. langr, M.Du. lanc, Goth. laggs "long;" PIE base *dlonghos- "long."

Derežnâ, from derež (Kurdi, Laki), variants darg "length; long, tall" (Zâzâ), darγ (Ossetic), derâz "long" + -nâ noun forming suffix from adjective, as in derâznâ, pah(n)nâ, farâxnâ, tangnâ, tiznâ. The first element from Mid.Pers. drâz "long;" O.Pers. darga- "long;" Av. darəga-, darəγa- "long," drājištəm "longest;" cf. Skt. dirghá- "long (in space and time);" PIE *dlonghos- "long," as above.

longitude of ascending node
  درژنای ِ گره ِ فرازشی   
derežnâ-ye gereh-e farâzeši

Fr.: longitude du nœud ascendant   

One of the → orbital elements used to specify the orbit of an object in space. It is the angle from the reference direction, called the origin of longitude, to the direction of the → ascending node, measured in the reference plane.

longitude; → ascending node.

ring longitude
  درژنای ِ حلقه   
derežnâ-ye halqé

Fr.: longitude de l'anneau   

Of → Saturn, the angle measured with respect to the sub-observer point (a line connecting the observer to Saturn) in the direction of the orbital motion.

ring; → longitude.

solar longitude
  درژنای ِ خورشیدی   
derežnâ-ye xoršidi

Fr.: longitude du Soleil   

The ecliptic longitude of the Sun. It varies from 0° (at the vernal equinox) to 360° during the year. By Kepler's Second Law, the rate of change of the solar longitude is such that the Earth sweeps out equal areas on the ecliptic plane in equal times.

solar; → longitude.

supergalactic longitude
  درژنای ِ ابرکهکشانی   
derežnâ-ye abarkahkašâni

Fr.: longitude supergalactique   

supergalactic coordinate system.

supergalactic; → longitude.