An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
English-French-Persian

فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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Number of Results: 40 Search : gravitation
"nongravitational forces"
  "نیروهای ِ ناگرانشی"   
"niruhâ-ye nâgerâneši" (#)

Fr.: "forces non-gravitationnelles"   

The forces of jets from a comet's nucleus that can cause a rocket-like effect and alter a comet's direction of motion slightly.

non-; → gravitational; → force.

constant of gravitation
  پایا‌ی ِ گرانشی   
pâyâ-ye gerâneši (#)

Fr.: constante de la gravitation   

gravitational constant.

Einstein's gravitational constant
  پایای ِ گرانشی ِ اینشتین   
pâyâ-ye gerâneši-ye Einstein (#)

Fr.: constante gravitationnelle d'Einstein   

The coupling constant appearing in → Einstein's field equations, expressed by: κ = 8πG/c4, where G is the Newtonian → gravitational constant and c the → speed of light.

einstein; → gravitational; → constant.

Gaussian gravitational constant
  پایای ِ گرانشی ِ گاؤس   
pâyâ-ye gerâneši-ye Gauss

Fr.: constante gravitationnelle de Gauss   

The constant, denoted k, defining the astronomical system of units of length (→ astronomical unit), mass (→ solar mass), and time (→ day), by means of → Kepler's third law. The dimensions of k2 are those of Newton's constant of gravitation: L 3M -1T -2. Its value is: k = 0.01720209895.

Gaussian; → gravitational; → constant.

gravitation
  گرانش   
gerâneš (#)

Fr.: gravitation   

1) The universal phenomenon of attraction between material bodies. → Newton's law of gravitation.
2) The act or process of moving under the influence of this attraction.

Verbal noun of → gravitate.

gravitational
  گرانشی   
gerâneši (#)

Fr.: gravitationnel   

Of or relating to or caused by → gravitation.

Adj. of → gravitation.

gravitational acceleration
  شتاب ِ گرانشی   
šetâb-e gerâneši (#)

Fr.: accélération gravitationnelle   

The acceleration caused by the force of gravity. At the Earth's surface it is determined by the distance of the object form the center of the Earth: g = GM/R2, where G is the → gravitational constant, and M and R are the Earth's mass and radius respectively. It is approximately equal to 9.8 m s-2. The value varies slightly with latitude and elevation. Also known as the → acceleration of gravity.

gravitational; → acceleration.

gravitational attraction
  درکشش ِ گرانشی   
darkešeš-e gerâneši

Fr.: attraction gravitationnelle   

The force that pulls material bodies toward one another because of → gravitation.

gravitational; → attraction.

gravitational collapse
  رمبش ِ گرانشی   
rombeš-e gerâneši (#)

Fr.: effondrement gravitationnel   

Collapse of a mass of material as a result of the mutual → gravitational attraction of all its constituents.

gravitational; → collapse.

gravitational constant
  پایای ِ گرانشی   
pâyâ-ye gerâneši (#)

Fr.: constante gravitationnelle   

A fundamental constant that appears in → Newton's law of gravitation. It is the force of attraction between two bodies of unit mass separated by unit distance: G = 6.673 x 10-8 dyn cm2 g-2 or 6.673 x 10-8 cm3s-2g-1, or 6.673 x 10-11 N m2 kg-2 or 6.673 x 10-11 m3s-2kg-1. It was first measured in 1798 by Henry Cavendish (1731-1810), 71 years after Newton's death. Same as the → Newtonian constant of gravitation.

gravitational; → constant.

gravitational contraction
  ترنگش ِ گرانشی   
terengeš-e gerâneši

Fr.: contraction gravitationnelle   

Decrease in the volume of an astronomical object under the action of a dominant, central gravitational force.

gravitational; → contraction.

gravitational coupling constant
  پایای ِ جفسری ِ گرانشی   
pâyâ-ye jafsari-ye gerâneši

Fr.: constante de couplage gravitationnel   

The dimensionless gravitational constant defined as the gravitational attraction between pair of electrons and normally given by: αG = (Gme2) / (ħc) = (me / mP)2 ~ 1.7518 × 10-45, where ħ is → Planck's reduced constant, c the → speed of light, me is the → electron mass, and mP is the → Planck mass.

gravitational; → coupling; → constant.

gravitational encounter
  رویارویی ِ گرانشی   
ruyâruyi-ye gerâneši

Fr.: rencontre gravitationnelle   

An encounter in which two moving bodies alter each other's direction and velocity by mutual → gravitational attraction.

gravitational; → encounter.

gravitational energy
  کاروژ ِ گرانشی   
kâruž-e gerâneši

Fr.: énergie gravitationnelle   

Same as → gravitational potential energy.

gravitational; → energy.

gravitational equilibrium
  ترازمندی ِ گرانشی   
tarâzmandi-ye gerâneši (#)

Fr.: équilibre gravitationnel   

The condition in a celestial body when gravitational forces acting on each point are balanced by some outward pressure, such as radiation pressure or electron degeneracy pressure, so that no vertical motion results.

gravitational; → equilibrium.

gravitational field
  میدان ِ گرانشی   
meydân-e gerâneši (#)

Fr.: champ gravitationnel   

The region of space in which → gravitational attraction exists.

gravitational; → field.

gravitational force
  نیروی ِ گرانشی   
niru-ye gerâneši (#)

Fr.: force gravitationnelle   

The weakest of the four fundamental forces of nature. Described by → Newton's law of gravitation and subsequently by Einstein's → general relativity.

gravitational; → force.

gravitational instability
  ناپایداری ِ گرانشی   
nâpâydâri-ye gerâneši (#)

Fr.: instabilité gravitationnelle   

The process by which fluctuations in an infinite medium of size greater than a certain length scale (the Jeans length) grow by self-gravitation.

gravitational; → instability.

gravitational interaction
  اندرژیرش ِ گرانشی   
andaržireš-e gerâneši

Fr.: interaction gravitationnelle   

Mutual attraction between any two bodies that have mass.

gravitational; → interaction.

gravitational lens
  عدسی ِ گرانشی   
adasi-ye gerâneši (#)

Fr.: lentille gravitationnelle   

A concentration of matter, such as a galaxy or a cluster of galaxies, that bends light rays from a background object, resulting in production of multiple images. If the two objects and the Earth are perfectly aligned, the light from the distant object appears as a ring from Earth. This is called an Einstein Ring, since its existence was predicted by Einstein in his theory of general relativity.

gravitational; → lens.

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