An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
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فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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Number of Results: 70 Search : on-
radiation-driven implosion (RDI)
  فروکفت از راه ِ تابش   
forukaft az râh-e tâbeš

Fr.: implosion induit par rayonnement   

A hydrodynamic process occurring in star forming regions where a neutral cloud (→ clump) is subjected to the intense ultraviolet radiation of a newly-born → massive star. The gas within the layer exposed to the radiation is ionized and forms an → ionization front at the front surface. The increased pressure due to temperature rise at the top layer drives an → isothermal  → shock front into the clump, which compresses the neutral gas ahead of it, below the surface. A density → gradient builds up leading rapidly to the formation of a condensed core. With further concentration of the gas, the hydrogen density in the center of the core increases drastically, reaching 108 cm-3 about 4 x 105 years after the first impact of the ionizing radiation on the clump, according to current models (e.g. Bertoldi 1989, ApJ 346, 735; Miao et al. 2006, MNRAS 369, 143, and references therein). The core can develop further to form a → cometary globule or → collapse under its self-gravity, eventually giving rise to new → low-mass stars (→ triggered star formation). In the process, the whole clump accelerates away from the initial ionizing star. Indeed, the gas evaporated off the side of the clump facing the ionizing star can create a rocket effect accelerating the clump away from the star (with a velocity of up to 5 km s-1), while losing part of its initial mass.

radiation; driven, p.p. of → drive; → implosion.

radiation-driven mass loss
  دسترفت ِ جرم از راه ِ باد ِ تابشی   
dastraft-e jerm az râh-e bâd-e tâbeši

Fr.: perte de masse par vent radiatif   

The → mass loss experienced by a → massive star due to the effect of → radiation-driven wind.

radiation; driven, p.p. of → drive; → mass; → loss.

radiation-driven wind
  باد ِ تابشی، ~ تابش‌زاد   
bâd-e tâbeši, ~ tâbešzâd

Fr.: vent radiatif   

The loss of matter from the → photosphere due to the acceleration imparted to the outer layers of the star by photons created inside the star. The coupling between radiation and matter creates a → radiative acceleration that may exceed the → gravity. This mechanism is particularly important in → massive stars, since the luminosity is high and therefore the number of energetic ultraviolet photons important. Same as → line-driven wind.

radiation; → drive; → wind.

Robertson-Walker metric
  متریک ِ روبرتسون-واکر   
metrik-e Robertson-Walker (#)

Fr.: métrique de Robertson-Walker   

The mathematical description of the interval (→ space-time separation) between → events ("points" in space-time) in a → homogeneous and → isotropic → Universe. It results from an exact solution of → Einstein's field equations of → general relativity. Under the assumptions, the Robertson-Walker interval is expressed by:
ds2 = c2dt2 - R2(t) [dr2/(1 - kr2) + r22 + r2sin2θ dθ2)].
Same as Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker metric. Compare → Minkowski metric.

Named after Howard Percy Robertson (1903-1961), American mathematician and physicist, and Arthur Geoffrey Walker (1909-2001), British mathematician and physicist, for their contributions to physics and physical cosmology; → metric.

rotation-induced turbulence
  آشوبناکی ِ زاییده‌ی ِ چرخش، ~ درهازیده از ~   
âšubnâki-ye zâyide-ye carxeš, darhâzidé az ~

Fr.: turbulence induite par turbulence   

A type of → turbulence with motions more vigorous in the horizontal than in the vertical direction occurring in internal radiation zone of → rotating stars. Same as → shear turbulence.

rotation; → induced; → turbulence.

rotation-powered pulsar (RPP)
  تپار ِ چرخش-توان، پولسار ِ ~ ~   
tapâr-e carxeš-tavân, pulsâr-e ~ ~

Fr.:   

A → neutron star that is spinning down as a result of → torques from → magnetic dipole radiation and particle emission. RPPs derive their energy primarily from the → rotation of the neutron star. The energy from their → spin-down appears as broad-band pulsations from → radio to → gamma-ray wavelengths and as a → wind of energetic particles flowing into their surrounding → pulsar wind nebulae. Since the discovery of RPPs through their radio → pulsations in 1967, more than 2000 → radio pulsars are now known with periods ranging from a few milliseconds to several seconds (A. K. Harding, 2013, Front. Phys. 8, 679).

rotation; → power; → pulsar.

rotation-vibration spectrum
  بیناب ِ چرخش-شیوش   
binâb-e carxeš-šiveš

Fr.: spectre rotation-vibration   

The spectrum of a molecule resulting from the simultaneous rotation and vibration of its constituent atoms.

rotation; → vibration; → spectrum.

Trouton-Noble experiment
  آزمایش ِ تروتون-نوبل   
âzmâyeš-e Trouton-Noble

Fr.: expérience de Trouton-Noble   

An experiment first carried out in 1903 to reveal the absolute motion of the Earth with respect to the → ether. The experiment consists of detecting a torque on a charged parallel-plate → capacitor that was suspended so that its plates were vertical. Since the Earth moves around the Sun, the moving charges were expected to produce magnetic fields, and the resulting torque should tend to turn the capacitor bringing its plates parallel to its velocity. No such effect was observed, and the absence of the torque supports the theory of → special relativity.

Named after Frederick T. Trouton (1863-1922) and Henry R. Noble; → experiment.

weak emission-line central star (wel)
  ستاره‌ی ِ مرکزی با خط ِ گسیلی ِ نزار   
setâre-ye markazi bâ xatt-e gosili-ye nezâr

Fr.: étoile centrale à faibles raies d'émission   

A member of a class of cntral stars of planetary nebula, → CSPN, which have weaker and narrower emission lines than → Wolf-Rayet-like CSPNe (Tylenda et al. 1993, A&AS 102, 595).

weak; → emission; → line.

Wilson-Bappu effect
  اسکر ِ ویلسون-باپو   
oskar-e Wilson-Bappu

Fr.: effet de Wilson-Bappu   

The strong correlation between the equivalent width of Ca II → H and K lines of a late-type giant or supergiant star with the absolute visual magnitude of the star.

O. C. Wilson & M. K. Vainu Bappu (1957, ApJ 125, 661); → effect.


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