An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
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فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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Number of Results: 59 Search : press
expression
  زهاوش   
zohâveš

Fr.: expression   

1) The act or an instance of expressing.
2) Math.: A statement using mathematical quantities such as → scalars, → variables, → parameters, → functions, and → sets, as well as → relational and → logical  → operators such as → equality, → conjunction, → existence, → union, etc. (Steven. G. Krantz, ed., Dictionary of Algebra, Arithmetic, and Trigonometry, 2001).

express; → -tion.

Fermi pressure
  فشار ِ فرمی   
fešâr-e Fermi

Fr.: pression de Fermi   

Same as → degeneracy pressure.

fermi; → pressure.

hydrostatic pressure
  فشار ِ هیدروتوانیک   
fešâr-e hidrotavânik

Fr.: pression hydrodynamique   

The term ρgz in the → Bernoulli equation. It is not pressure in a real sense, because its value depends on the reference level selected.

hydrostatic; → pressure.

impress
  درهاویدن   
darhâvidan

Fr.: imprimer; impressionner   

1) To press, to apply with pressure, especially to leave a mark.
2) To produce a profound effect upon the mind.

in-; → press.

impression
  درهاوش   
darhâveš

Fr.: impression   

1) A strong effect produced on the intellect, feelings, conscience, etc.
2) The first and immediate effect of an experience or perception upon the mind (dictionary.com).

press + -ion variant of → -tion.

impressionable
  درهاویدنی   
darhâvidani

Fr.: impressionnable   

Capable of being impressed; easily impressed.

impress; → -able.

impressionism
  درهاوشگرایی   
darhâvešgerâyi

Fr.: impressionisme   

1) A style of painting developed in the last third of the 19th century, characterized chiefly by short brush strokes of bright colors in immediate juxtaposition to represent the effect of light on objects.
2) A manner of painting in which the forms, colors, or tones of an object are lightly and rapidly indicated.
3) A manner of sculpture in which volumes are partially modeled and surfaces roughened to reflect light unevenly (Dictionary.com).

impression; → -ism.

impressive
  درهاونده   
darhâvandé

Fr.: impressionnant   

Having the power to impress, to raise admiration, awe, respect, etc.

impress; → -ive.

incompressible flow
  تچان ِ ناتنجیدنی، ~ ِ تنجش‌ناپذیر   
tacân-e nâtanjidani, ~ tanješnâpazir

Fr.: écoulement incompressible   

A flow whose volume or density does not change under pressure, and therefore its density is a constant. In other words, an ideal flow in which the → divergence of velocity is zero. → compressible flow.

incompressible, from → in "not" + → compressible; → flow.

magnetic pressure
  فشار ِ مغناتیسی   
fešâr-e meqnâtisi (#)

Fr.: pression magnétique   

The pressure exerted by a magnetic field on the material that contains the field.

magnetic; → pressure.

negative pressure
  فشار ِ ناییدار   
fešâr-e nâyidâr

Fr.: pression négative   

A kind of pressure that contrarily to ordinary pressure pushes inward. In contrast with the → Newtonian mechanics, in → general relativity there are situations in which pressure can be negative. Positive pressure gives rise to attractive gravity, whereas negative pressure creates → repulsive gravity.

negative; → pressure.

oppress
  ستمیدن   
setamidan (#)

Fr.: opprimer   

To burden with cruel or unjust impositions or restraints; subject to a burdensome or harsh exercise of authority or power (Dictionary.com).

M.E. oppressen, from O.Fr. opresser "oppress, torment, smother," from M.L. oppressare, from L. opprimere "press against, press together, press down; subdue, prosecute relentlessly," from op variant of ob "against" + premere "to press, hold fast."

Infinitive from setam, → oppression.

oppression
  ستم   
setam (#)

Fr.: oppression   

1) The exercise of authority or power in a burdensome, cruel, or unjust manner.
2) An act or instance of oppressing or subjecting to cruel or unjust impositions or restraints.
3) The state of being oppressed (Dictionary.com).

M.E. oppressioun, from O.Fr. opresser "oppress; torment," from M.L. oppressare, from L. opprimere "press against, press down;" from op, variant of ob "against" + premere "to press, hold fast."

Setam, from Mid.Pers. sthmbk / stambag / "oppressive; obstinate," related to sitabr "strong, firm," staft "hard; firm, strong; fierce," Pers. seft "firm, hard, tight;" sitanbah "strong, robust, bold;" Av. aša.stəmbana- "having the support/firmness of aša;" Lith stembti "to oppose;" Gk. astemphes "unshakable."

osmotic pressure
  فشارِ ترارانی   
fešâr-e tarârâni

Fr.: pression osmotique   

The hydrostatic pressure produced on the surface of a partially permeable membrane by osmosis.

osmotic; → pressure.

Press-Schechter formalism
  دیسه‌گرایی ِ پرس-ششتر   
disegerâyi-ye Press-Schechter

Fr.: formalisme de Press-Schechter   

A mathematical analysis, based on → self-similarity, used to predict the → mass function of spherically collapsing → dark matter halos. The formalism assumes that the fraction of mass in halos more massive than M is related to the fraction of the volume in which the smoothed initial density field is above some threshold δcρ, where ρ is the average density of the Universe, with the volume encompassing a mass larger than M. A variety of smoothing → window functions and thresholds have been argued, but the most common is a top-hat window in real space and δc≅ 1.69. The Press-Schechter formalism provides a relatively good fit to the results of numerical simulations in cold dark matter theories.

First described by William H. Press and Paul Schechter's paper (1974, ApJ 187, 425); → formalism.

pressure
  فشار   
fešâr (#)

Fr.: pression   

The force per unit area.

M.E., from O.Fr. pressure, from L. pressura "action of pressing," from pressus, p.p. of premere "to press, compress."

Fešâr "squeezing, constriction, compression," verb fešordan, fešârdan "to press, squeeze;" phonetic variants Lori xošâr, Aftari xešâr, Qazvini, Qomi xošâl; cf. Khotanese ssarr- "to exhilarate;" loaned in Arm. ôšarak, in Ar. afšaraj "juice."

pressure broadening
  پهنش ِفشاری   
pahneš-e fešâri

Fr.: élargissement par pression   

A broadening of spectral lines caused mainly by the stellar atmospheric density and the surface gravity of the star. The line strength of a spectral line depends on the number of atoms in the star's atmosphere capable of absorbing the wavelength in question. For a given temperature, the more atoms there are, the stronger and broader the spectral line appears. Denser stars with higher surface gravity will exhibit greater pressure broadening of spectral lines.

pressure; → broadening.

pressure gradient
  زینه‌ی ِ فشار   
zine-ye fešâr

Fr.: gradient de pression   

The pressure difference between two adjacent regions of a fluid that results in a force being exerted from the high pressure region toward the low pressure region.

pressure; → gradient.

pressure gradient force
  نیروی ِ زینه‌ی ِ فشار   
niru-ye zine-ye fešâr

Fr.: force du gradient de pression   

A force resulting from → pressure gradient that is directed from high to low pressure.

pressure; → gradient; → force.

pressure ionization
  یونش ِ فشاری   
yoneš-e fešâri

Fr.: ionisation par pression   

A physical state of dense matter in which the electrostatic field of one atom should influence a neighboring atom and hence disturb atomic levels. In extreme case, such as white dwarfs, electron clouds practically rub and electrons are ionized off the parent atoms.

pressure; → ionization.


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