An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
English-French-Persian

فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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Number of Results: 40 Search : row
electroweak force
  نیروی ِ برقا نزار، ~ برقا کمزور   
niru-ye barqânezâr, ~ barqâkamzur

Fr.: force électrofaible   

The force that takes part in an → electroweak interaction.

electroweak; → force.

electroweak interaction
  اندرژیرش ِ برقانزار   
andaržireš-e barqânezâr

Fr.: interaction électrofaible   

The unified description of two of the four fundamental interactions of nature, → electromagnetism and the → weak interaction which would merge into a single force under conditions of extreme temperature (above 1016 degrees, 102 GeV) prevalent in the early history of the → Universe.

electroweak; → interaction.

electroweak star
  ستاره‌ی ِ برقانزار   
setâre-ye barqânezâr

Fr.: étoile électrofaible   

A postulated type of star that could form toward the end of a → massive star's life, after → nuclear fusion has stopped in its → core, and before the star → collapses into a → black hole. In those → extreme conditions, when → temperature and → density inside the star are very high, → quarks could convert into → leptons. Hence huge amounts of energy can be released, much of which would be in the form of → neutrinos.

electroweak; → star.

grain growth
  رویش ِ دانه   
ruyeš-e dâné (#)

Fr.: croissance des grains   

The increase of dust grains to micron sizes in the interstellar environments due to various physical processes, for example mutual collisions and accumulation of ice mantles.

grain; → growth.

grow
  روییدن، رستن   
ruyidan (#), rostan (#)

Fr.: croître   

To increase by natural development, as any living organism or part by assimilation of nutriment; increase in size or substance (Dictionary.com).

From M.E. growen, O.E. growan; cf. Du. groeien, O.H.G. grouwan; PIE base *ghre- "to grow, become green," from which is also derived grass.

Ruyidan, rostan "to grow," from Mid.Pers. rôditan, rustan "to grow;" Av. raod- "to grow, sprout, shoot," with fra- "to grow up, shoot forth;" cf. Skt. ruh- "to grow, develop, ascend, climb," rohati "grows," rudh- "to grow, sprout, shoot," rodhati "grows."

growth
  رویش، رست   
ruyeš (#), rost (#)

Fr.: croissance   

The act or process, or a manner of growing; development; gradual increase. → curve of growth; → grain growth.

Ruyeš, verbal noun of → grow; rost, past stem of ruyidan, → grow, used as verbal noun.

Littrow prism
  منشور ِ لیترو   
manšur-e Littrow

Fr.: prisme de Littrow   

A prism having angles of 30, 60, and 90°, which uses the same face for input and dispersed radiation. The beam is reflected at the face opposite to the 60° angle because it is coated to be highly reflecting. A beam entering at the → Brewster angle undergoes minimum deviation and hence maximum dispersion. Littrow prisms are used in laser cavities to fine tune lasers by selection of wavelength.

Joseph Johann Littrow (1781-1840), Austrian astronomer; → prism.

microwave
  ریزموج   
rizmowj (#)

Fr.: micro-onde   

Electromagnetic radiation having wavelengths in the 1 to 300 mm range.

micro-; → wave.

microwave background radiation
  تابش ِ پس‌زمینه‌ی ِ ریزموج   
tâbeš-e paszamine-ye rizmowj

Fr.: rayonnement micro-onde du fond cosmique   

Thermal radiation with a temperature of 2.73 K that is apparently uniformly distributed in the Universe. It is believed to be a redshifted remnant of the hot radiation that was in thermal equilibrium with matter during the first hundred thousand years after the Big Bang. Same as → cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation.

microwave; → background; → radiation.

microwave oven
  ریز‌موج‌پز   
rizmowjpaz

Fr.: four micro-onde   

A type of electrically operated oven that cooks food very quickly using microwaves instead of heat.

microwave; → oven.

microwave radiation
  تابش ِ ریزموج   
tâbeš-e rizmowj (#)

Fr.: rayonnement micro-onde   

Electromagnetic radiation carried by → microwaves.

microwave; → radiation.

narrow
  باریک   
bârik (#)

Fr.: étroit   

Of little breadth or → width.

M.E., from O.E. nearu; cf. O.S. naru "narrow," Du. naar "unpleasant;" akin to Ger. Narbe "scar," literally, "narrow mark."

Bârik, from Mid.Pers. bârîk "narrow," from O.Iranian *bāra-ya-ka-, from stem *bāra- "to cut;" cf. Av. bāra- "edge, blade," in tiži-bāra- "sharp-edged," from brī- "to cut, shave, shear;" cf. Skt. bhrī- "to hurt, injure," bhrinanti "they hurt;" O.C.S. briti "to shave;" PIE base *bhrē- "to cut, pierce."

narrow band
  باند ِ باریک، باریک‌باند   
bând-e bârik (#), bârik-bând (#)

Fr.: bande étroite   

Optics: Of a filter, same as → interference filter.
Radio.: Encompassing a small frequency range, typically less than 300 Hz.

narrow; → band.

narrow-band photometry
  شیدسنجی ِ باریک‌باند   
šidsanji-ye bârik bând

Fr.: photométrie à bande étroite   

Photometry using narrow-band filters to isolate a particular spectroscopic line or molecular band.

narrow band; → photometry.

narrow-line region
  ناحیه‌ی ِ باریک-خط   
nâhiye-ye bârik-xatt

Fr.: région à raies étroites   

The outer region of a → quasar or an → active galactic nucleus displaying narrow spectral lines. Also called Type II AGN. See also → obscuring torus.

narrow; → line; → region.

prow
  فرال   
farâl

Fr.: proue   

The forepart of a ship or boat; bow; opposite to stern or poopPuppis.

From M.Fr. proue, from Upper It. (Genoese) prua, from L. prora "prow," from Gk. proira, related to pro "before, forward," → pro-.

Farâl, from farâ "forward" (farâ raftan "to go forward, proceed," farâ rândan "to drive forward"), equivalent to → pro-, + relation suffix -âl, → -al. Compare farâl with prow "bow," Fr. la proue "prow, bow," from dialectal It. proa, prua, from L. prora "bow," from Gk. proira, related to pro "before, forward."

row
  رج   
raj (#)

Fr.: ligne, rangée   

CCD detector: Series of pixels arranged along a line. → column

O.E. ræw "a row, line;" cf. Du. rij "row;" O.H.G. rihan "to thread," riga "line;" Ger. Reihe "row, line, series."

Raj "line, row," variants raž, rak, râk, rezg (Lori), ris, risé, radé, rasté, râsté, related to râst "right, true; just, upright, straight;" Mid.Pers. râst "true, straight, direct;" Soghdian rəšt "right;" O.Pers. rāsta- "straight, true," rās- "to be right, straight, true;" Av. rāz- "to direct, put in line, set," razan- "order;" cf. Skt. raj- "to direct, stretch," rjuyant- "walking straight;" Gk. orektos "stretched out;" L. regere "to lead straight, guide, rule," p.p. rectus "right, straight;" PIE base *reg- "move in a straight line," hence, "to direct, rule."

throw
  انداختن   
andâxtan (#)

Fr.: jeter   

To propel something through the air in any way, especially by swinging the arm and releasing the object from the hand; → ejecter.

M.E. throwen, thrawen, "to twist, turn writhe" (cf. O.S. thraian, M.Du. dræyen, Du. draaien, O.H.G. draen, Ger. drehen "to turn, twist").

Andâxtan, andâz-, from Mid.Pers. handâxtan, handâz-; ultimately from Proto-Iranian *ham-tak-, from *ham- "together, with, same," → syn- + *tak- "to run, to flow;" cf. Av. tak- "to run, to flow," taciāp- "flowing water," tacinti (3pl.pers.act.) "to flow," tacar- "course," tacan "current, streaming;" Mod.Pers. tacidan, tâxtan, tâzidan "to run; to hasten; to assault," tajan name of a river (initially "flowing, streaming, stream"), tâzi "swift (greyhound)," tak "running, rush," from Mid.Pers. tâz-, tâxtan "to flow, to cause to walk," tc- "to flow, to walk," tag "running, attack," tâzig "swift, fast;" Khotanese ttajs- "to flow, to walk;" Skt. tak- to rush, to hurry," takti "runs;" O.Ir. tech- "to flow;" Lith. teketi "to walk, to flow;" O.C.S. tešti "to walk, to hurry;" Tokharian B cake "river;" PIE base *tekw- "to run; to flow.

time's arrow
  پیکان ِ زمان   
peykân-e zamân

Fr.: flèche du temps   

The sequence of all natural processes in which the → entropy increases. In other words, the fact that these processes all move in one direction in time and are → irreversible. The past is distinctly different from the future; things always grow older, never younger.

time; arrow, M.E. arewe, arwe, from O.E. arwan, earh "arrow," from P.Gmc. *arkhwo (cf. Goth. arhwanza), from PIE base *arku- "bow and/or arrow," source of Latin arcus, → arc.

Peykân "arrow," → Sagitta; zamân, → time.

Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP)
     
WMAP

Fr.: WMAP   

A space telescope launched by NASA in 2001 which measures the temperature fluctuations in the → cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation. It creates a full-sky map of the CMB, with a 13 arcminute resolution via multi-frequency observations. WMAP is the first mission to use a → Lagrangian point L2 as its permanent observing station at a distance of 1.5 million km. WMAP completed its prime two years of mission operations in September 2003 and is continuing in 2009 its observations for still several years to come. WMAP's measurements have played a considerable role in establishing the current standard model of cosmology. They are consistent with a Universe that is dominated by → dark energy, with negative pressure or a → cosmological constant. In this model, the age of the Universe is 13.73 ± 0.12 billion years. The current expansion rate of the Universe measured by the Hubble constant, is 70.5 ± 1.3 km·s-1 Mpc-1. The content of the Universe consists of 4.56% ± 0.15% ordinary → baryonic matter, 22.8% ± 1.3% → cold dark matter, and 72.6% ± 1.5% of → dark energy, that accelerates the → expansion of the Universe.

WMAP, short for Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe, in honor of David Todd Wilkinson (1935-2002), who had been a member of the mission's science team.


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