An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
English-French-Persian

فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

   Homepage   
   


A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

Number of Results: 14 Search : South
European Southern Observatory (ESO)
  نپاهشگاه ِ اروپایی ِ دشتری   
nepâhešgâh-e orupâyi-ye daštari

Fr.: Organisation européenne pour la recherche astronomique dans l'hémisphère austral   

An major intergovernmental research organisation in astronomy supported by 14 European countries. ESO was founded in 1962 as a consortium among Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, the Netherlands, and Sweden. The ESO Headquarters are located in Garching near Munich, Germany. The organization operates three outstanding observing sites in the Atacama Desert region of Chile: → La Silla, → Paranal, and Chajnantor. The → Very Large Telescope (VLT), the world's most advanced visible-light astronomical facility, is located on the 2600 m high mountain of Paranal, which also hosts the → VLT Interferometer (VLTI). The Chajnantor site, 5000 m above sea level, near San Pedro de Atacama, operates a submillimeter telescope (APEX). Moreover, a giant array of 12 m submillimeter antennas, called → ALMA, is being constructed in collaboration with North America, East Asia and Chile. ESO is currently planning a 42 m European Extremely Large optical/near-infrared Telescope, the → E-ELT.

European; → southern; → observatory.

geographic south pole
  قطب ِ دشتر ِ زمین‌نگاریک   
qotb-e daštar-e zaminnegârik

Fr.: pôle sud géographique   

south pole.

geographic; → south; → pole.

magnetic south pole
  قطب ِ دشتر ِ مغناتیسی   
qotab-e daštar-e meqnâtisi

Fr.: pôle sud magnétique   

The → counterpart of the → magnetic north pole. It lies near the → geographic north pole.

magnetic; → south; → pole.

south
  دشتر   
daštar

Fr.: Sud   

The cardinal point which is opposite to north. It is also the direction of the Sun at local noon (in the northern hemisphere).

M.E. suth(e), south(e), from O.E. suth "southward, in the south;" cf. O.S., O.Fris. suth "southward, in the south," M.Du. suut), O.H.G. sund, perhaps related to base of *sunnon "sun," with sense of "the region of the sun."

Note: South is related to right since it is to the right when one faces the rising Sun. This occurs in, for example, in Av., Skt., and O.Ir., as below.

Daštar, from Mid.Pers. dašn "right hand;" Av. dašina- "right;" Ossetic dæsni "skillful, dexterous;" cf. Skt. dáksina- "right; southern;" Gk. dexios (<*deks-i-uo-) "right," dexiteros "located on the right side;" L. dexter "right;" Goth. taihswo "right hand;" O.Ir. dess "on the right hand, southern;" PIE base *deks- "right." The second element -tar direction suffix, as in Mid.Pers. ošastar "east" (Av. ušastara- "eastern"), dôšastar "west" (Av. daôšatara-, daôšastara- "western"), abâxtar "north" (Av. apāxtara- "northern"), Mod.Pers. bâxtar, → west.

South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA)
  ناسانی ِ اتلسی ِ دشتر   
nâsâni-ye Atlas-e daštar

Fr.: Anomalie Atlantique Sud   

A region of the Earth where the inner → Van Allen belt comes closest to the Earth's surface. It is due to the fact that the → geomagnetic field is offset from the center of the Earth. The region is centered near 25 degrees South 50 degrees West, close to the Atlantic coast of Brazil. The excess of trapped energetic particles in that region presents a problem for satellites in orbit around the Earth.

south; → Atlantic; → anomaly.

south celestial pole
  قطب ِ آسمانی ِ دشتر   
qotb-e âsmâni-ye daštar

Fr.: pôle sud céleste   

The point in the → southern hemisphere where the → rotation axis of the Earth touches the → celestial sphere. In contrast to the → north celestial pole, no bright star is visible in that direction.

north; → celestial; → pole.

South point
  نقطه‌ی ِ دشتر   
noqte-ye daštar

Fr.: point Sud   

The point on → horizon in direction of → geographic south pole.

south; → point.

South Polar Layered Deposits (SPLD)
  لردهای ِ لایه-لایه‌ی ِ قطب ِ دشتر   
Lerdhâ-ye Laye-laye-ye Qotb-e Daštar

Fr.: couches de dépôt du pôle sud   

A large area of the south polar region of → Mars which is covered with layers of → water ice and → dust. The SPLD, like the NPLD, has a maximum relief relative to the surrounding terrain of ~ 3.5 km and ~ 1,000 km across. Above the SPLD lies a very thin temporary (1-10 m) cap of → carbon dioxide ice/frost that snows out in the winter and sublimates over the spring and summer seasons. It is believed that the rhythmic nature of the deposits is related to oscillations in Mars' → orbital parameters (J. J. Plaut et al., 2007, Science 316, 92).

south; → polar; → layer; → deposit.

south pole
  قطب ِ دشتر   
qotb-e daštar

Fr.: pôle Sud   

1) An → imaginary point in the → southern hemisphere representing the intersection of the → Earth's → rotation axis with the → globe with the → celestial sphere.
2) For a → magnet, the pole which points toward the geographic south.
3) In a → magnetic field, the point which receives a → line of force coming from the → north pole.

south; → pole.

South Pole Star
  ستاره‌ی ِ قطب ِ دشتر   
setâre-ye qotb-e daštar

Fr.: étoile du pôle sud   

A star that would mark the south → celestial pole. Presently no bright visible star is situated along the → rotation axis of the Earth in the southern hemisphere. But, because of the Earth's → axial precession, about 7,000 years from now the star → Delta Velorum in the constellation → Vela, the Sail, will come to within 0.2 degrees of the South Celestial Pole (around the year 9250 B.C.). That is closer to marking the celestial pole than → Polaris or → Sirius ever do during their reigns as pole stars! Sirius will become the South Pole Star some 60 thousand years from now (around the year 66270 B.C.). In that time, Sirius will come to within 1.6 degrees of the South Celestial Pole.

south; → celestial; → pole.

southern
  دشتری   
daštari

Fr.: du Sud, méridional   

Of or pertaining to the south.

M.E., O.E. suðerne, from suð, → south, + -erne, suffix denoting direction.

Daštari, relating to daštar, → south.

Southern Cross
  چلیپای ِ دشتری   
calipâ-ye daštari

Fr.: Croix du Sud   

Popular name for the constellation → Crux. Its four brightest stars form a distinctive cross shape.

southern; → Crux.

southern hemisphere
  نیم‌سپهر دشتری   
nimsepehr-e daštari

Fr.: hémisphère sud   

The half of the → Earth or another → north pole between the → south pole and the → equator.

southern; → hemisphere.

southing
  گذر ِ دشتر-سو   
gozar-e daštar-su

Fr.:   

The transit of a celestial object, especially the Sun, across the meridian due south of the observer.

Verbal noun from → south (v.).

Gozar-e daštar-su, literally "passage southward," from gozar, → passage; daštarsouth; su, → direction.