An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
English-French-Persian

فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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Number of Results: 481
Hercules
  هراکلس، هرکول، برزانو نشسته   
Herâkles (#), Herkul (#), bar zânu nešasté (#)

Fr.: Hercule   

An ancient → constellation (right ascension about 17h, declination 30° north), one of the largest in the sky, which is located between → Lyra and → Corona Borealis. It is traditionally depicted as the hero Hercules in a kneeling position. There are no very bright stars in Hercules, the brightest one is → Rasalgethi, a variable → red supergiant of magnitude about 3.5. Abbreviation: Her; Genitive: Herculis.
See also: → Hercules cluster.

L. Hercules, from Gk. Heracles "glory of Hera," the most popular hero of Gk. mythology, son of Zeus and the woman Alcmena, who the god seduced in the shape of her husband Amphitryon, king of Thebes.

Herâkles, as above; Herkul, from Fr. Hercule, as above; Arabicized name of the constellation: هرقل. Other Ar. renderings: (al-jâthi, jâthi 'alâ rukbataihi (الجاثی، الجاثی علی‌رکبتیه) "the kneeling one," râqes (راقص) "the dancing one."
Bar zânu nešasté "the kneeling one," Pers. descriptive rendering of the Gk. mythological figure, by the famous 11-th century astronomer Biruni.

Hercules cluster
  خوشه‌ی ِ هراکلس، ~ هرکول   
xuše-ye Herâkles, ~ Herkul

Fr.: amas d'Hercule   

A small, irregular → cluster of galaxies with fewer than 100 galaxies in its core. It has no strongly dominant central galaxy and is notable for the high proportion of spirals. It lies some 500 million → light-years away in the constellation → Hercules; also known as Abell 2151.

Hercules; → cluster.

hereditable
  ریگن‌بردنی، دریگیدنی   
riganbordani, darigidani

Fr.: dont on peut hériter, qui peut hériter   

inheritable.

inherit; → -able.

hereditary
  ریگن‌داشتی، ریگنداشتی   
rigandâšti

Fr.: héréditaire   

1) Passing, or capable of passing, naturally from parent to offspring through the genes: Blue eyes are hereditary in our family.
2) Of or relating to inheritance or heredity (Dictionary.com).

Of or relating to → heredity.

heredity
  ریگن‌داشت، ریگنداشت   
rigandâšt

Fr.: hérédité   

The passing on of physical or mental characteristics genetically from one generation to another (OxfordDictionaries.com).

M.E., from M.Fr. hérédité, from O.Fr. eredite "inheritance, legacy," from L. hereditatem (nominative hereditas) "heirship, inheritance," → heritage.

Rigandâšt, literally "possessing heritage," from rigan, → heritage, + dâšt past stem of dâštan "to have, hold, possess, maintain," → property.

heritable
  ریگن‌بردنی، دریگیدنی   
riganbordani, darigidani

Fr.: dont on peut hériter, qui peut hériter   

inheritable.

inherit; → -able.

heritage
  ریگن   
rigan

Fr.: héritage   

1) Something inherited at birth, such as personal characteristics, status, and possessions.
2) Anything that has been transmitted from the past or handed down by tradition (Dictionary.com).

M.E. from M.Fr., from O.Fr. iritage, eritage, heritage "heir; inheritance, ancestral estate, heirloom," from heriter "inherit," from L.L. hereditare, ultimately from L. heres (genitive heredis) "heir, heiress," from PIE root *ghe- "to be empty, left behind" (related Gk. word khera "widow").

Rigan from rig "left, abandoned" (in mordé rig "heritage, effects of a dead person, anything hereditary, heirloom") + noun suffix -an (as in rowzan, rowšan, suzan, rasan, zaqan, hâvan, etc.); ultimately from Proto-Ir. *raic- "to leave, abandon;" cf. Av. raēc- "to leave, let;" Mid.Pers. (+ *pati-) phryz-, Mod.Pers. parhêz, parhiz "to keep away from, abstain, avoid;" Khotanese (+ *fra-) hars- "to be left, remain;" Mod.Pers. rištan "to set at liberty, absolve;" Mid.Pers. (+ *ui-) wirēz-, Mod.Pers. gurēz, goriz, gurēxtan, gorixtan "to flee, run away;" Gk. leipein "to leave;" L. linquere "to leave;" PIE *leikw- "to leave, let" (Cheung 2006).

hermaphrodite
  نرماده   
narmâde (#)

Fr.: hermaphrodite   

Biology: An individual, animal, or plant possessing both male and female reproductive organs.

From L. hermaphroditus, from Gk. hermaphroditos the mythical son of Hermes and Aphrodite who merged bodies with a naiad and thereafter possessed both male and female qualities.

Narmâde, literally "male-female," → male, → female.

hermaphroditism
  نرمادگی   
narmâdegi (#)

Fr.: hermaphroditisme   

Biology: For an animal or plant, the condition of having both male and female reproductive tissue or organs.

hermaphrodite; → -ism.

hermeneutic
  آزندپردازیک   
âzand-pardâzik

Fr.: herméneutique   

Of or related to hermeneutics, interpretative; explanatory. Also hermeneutical.

hermeneutics.

hermeneutics
  آزندپردازیک   
âzand-pardâzik

Fr.: herméneutique   

The science or art of → interpretation. Originally the term was limited to the interpretation of the Scriptures, but since the nineteenth century it has developed into a general theory of human understanding through the work of Friedrich Schleiermacher (1768-1834), Wilhelm Dilthey (1833-1911), and others. The comprehension of any written text requires hermeneutics. Many different hermeneutic theorists have proposed many different methodologies.

From Gk. hermeneutikos "interpreting," from hermeneutes "interpreter," from hermeneuein "to interpret," of unknown origin. It was formerly thought to derive from Hermes, the tutelary divinity of speech, writing, and eloquence.

Âzand-pardâzik, from âzand, → interpretation, + pardâz, present stem of pardâxtan "to accomplish, bring to perfection; to care," → theoretician, + -ik, → ics.

hermeneutist
  آزندپرداز   
âzandpardâz

Fr.: herméneutiste   

Someone who interprets literary or scriptural texts.

Agent noun from → hermeneutics

Hermitian conjugate
  همیوغ ِ اِرمیتی   
hamyuq-e Hermiti

Fr.: conjugé hermitien   

Math.: The Hermitian conjugate of an m by n matrix A is the n by m matrix A* obtained from A by taking the → transpose and then taking the complex conjugate of each entry. Also called adjoint matrix, conjugate transpose. → Hermitian operator.

Hermitian, named in honor of the Fr. mathematician Charles Hermite (1822-1901), who made important contributions to number theory, quadratic forms, invariant theory, orthogonal polynomials, elliptic functions, and algebra. One of his students was Henri Poincaré; → conjugate.

Hermitian operator
  آپارگر ِ اِرمیتی   
âpârgar-e Hermiti

Fr.: opérateur hermitien   

An operator A that satisfies the relation A = A*, where A* is the adjoint of A. → Hermitian conjugate.

Hermitian conjugate; → operator.

Herschel
  هرشل   
Herschel

Fr.: Herschel   

Sir William Herschel (1738-1822), German-born English astronomer, the discoverer of the → infrared radiation and planet → Uranus.
Herschelian telescope, → Herschel Satellite

Herschel Satellite
  ماهواره‌ی ِ هرشل   
mâhvâre-ye Herschel

Fr.: Satellite Herschel   

A European Space Agency (ESA) mission to perform imaging photometry and spectroscopy in the → far infrared and → submillimeter regions of the electromagnetic spectrum, covering approximately the 55-672 µm range. In fact Herschel is the first space facility dedicated to these wavelength ranges. It carries a 3.5 m diameter passively cooled mirror. The science payload complement - two cameras/medium resolution spectrometers (PACS and SPIRE) and a very high resolution → superheterodyne spectrometer (HIFI) - are housed in a superfluid helium cryostat. Herschel was launched on 14 May 2009, together with the → Planck Satellite. Its observing position lies at the L2 → Lagrangian point, some 1.5 million km from Earth. Herschel is designed, among other things, to study the formation of galaxies in the early Universe, and to investigate the formation of stars and their interaction with the → interstellar medium.

Herschel; → satellite.

Herschelian telescope
  تلسکوپ ِ هرشل، دوربین ~   
teleskop-e Herschel, durbin-e ~

Fr.: télescope de Herschel   

A → reflecting telescope in which the → primary mirror is tilted so that light is focused near one side of the open end of the tube. The → eyepiece then picks up this light directly, avoiding light loss from reflection by a → secondary mirror. The drawback is → astigmatism, unless the → focal ratio is large. Herschel used this design in his giant 48-inch instrument.

Herschel; → telescope.

hertz (Hz)
  هرتز   
hertz (#)

Fr.: hertz   

The SI unit of frequency, defined as a frequency of 1 cycle per second.

After Heinrich Rudolf Hertz (1857-1894), the German physicist, who made several important contributions to the study of electromagnetism.

Hertz experiment
  آزمایش ِ هرتز   
âzmâyeš-e Hertz (#)

Fr.: expérience de Hertz   

A laboratory experiment carried out by Heinrich Hertz in 1888 to generate and detect → electromagnetic waves for the first time. It involved a high voltage power source, consisting of two → capacitors, each provided with a conducting rod. The rods were separated by a small → spark gap and connected to an → induction coil. When the electrodes were raised to a sufficiently high → potential difference, a spark passed across the gap, and an oscillating discharge took place. A group of waves with a wavelength of a few meters were emitted at each discharge. A wire loop provided with a detecting spark gap, held away from the oscillating sparks, produced sparks upon arrival of the oscillating electric and magnetic fields.

hertz (Hz); → experiment.

hertz to meter conversion
  هاگرد ِ هرتز به متر   
hâgard-e hertz bé metr

Fr.: conversion hertz / mètre   

frequency to wavelength conversion.

hertz; → meter; → conversion.

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