An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
English-French-Persian

فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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Number of Results: 412
osculate
  آبوسیدن   
âbusidan

Fr.:   

Geometry: Of a curve, to touch another curve so as to have the same tangent and curvature at the point of contact.

From L. osculatum p.p. of osculari "to kiss," from osculum "kiss," literally "little mouth," diminutive of os "mouth;" PIE *os-/*ous- "mouth;" cf. Av. āh- "mouth;" Skt. ās-, āsán- "mouth;" Hittite aiš- "mouth;" O.Ir. á "mouth;" O.N. oss "mouth."

Âbusidan, from â- a nuance prefix + busidan "to kiss," related to buyidan "to smell," buy "smell, scent;" Mid.Pers. bôy, bôd "smell, scent; consciousness," bôyidan "to smell," Mod./Mid.Pers. bustân "garden," Parthian (prefixed *pati-) pdbws- "to desire; to hope for;" Av. baod- "to perceive, notice, become aware of; to smell of," baoδi- "smell, fragrance," baozdri- "who gets to know sexually;" cf. Skt. bodh- "to wake, awaken; to perceive, pay attention," Buddha "awakened, enlightened;" Gk. peuthomai "to learn, hear;" Lith. budeti "to wake;" O.C.S. bljusti "to take care;" PIE base *bheudh- "to be aware, to make aware."

osculating
  آبوسنده   
âbusandé

Fr.: osculateur   

Relating to → osculate.

Participial adjective of → osculate.

osculating circle
  پرهونِ آبوسنده   
parhun-e âbusandé

Fr.: cercle osculateur   

The circle that touches a curve (on the concave side) and whose radius is the radius of curvature.

osculating; → circle.

osculating elements
  بن‌پارهایِ آبوسشی   
bonpârhâ-ye âbuseš

Fr.: éléments orbitaux osculateurs   

The orbital elements of an osculating orbit.

osculating; → element.

osculating orbit
  مدارِ آبوسنده   
madâr-e âbusandé

Fr.: orbite osculatrice   

The Keplerian orbit that a satellite would follow after a specific time t if all forces other than central inverse-square forces ceased to act from time t on. An osculating orbit is tangent to the real, perturbed, orbit and has the same velocity at the point of tangency.

osculating; → orbit.

osculating plane
  هامُنِ آبوسنده   
hâmon-e âbusandé

Fr.: plan osculateur   

For a curve C at a point p, the limiting plane obtained from taking planes through the tangent to C at p and containing some variable point p' and then letting p' approach p along C.

osculating; → plane.

osculating sphere
  سپهرِ آبوسنده، کره‌یِ آبوسنده   
sepehr-e âbusandé, kore-ye ~

Fr.: sphère osculatrice   

For a curve C at a point p, the limiting sphere obtained by taking the sphere that passes through p and three other points on C and then letting these three points approach p independently along C.

osculating; → sphere.

osculation
  آبوسش   
âbuseš

Fr.: osculation   

The contact between two osculating curves or the like.

Verbal noun of → osculate

OSIRIS-REx
     
OSIRIS-REx

Fr.: OSIRIS-REx   

A → spacecraft whose goal is to collect a sample from the asteroid → 101955 Bennu and bring it back to Earth. It was launched by → NASA on September 8, 2016. OSIRIS-REx will spend two years chasing Bennu down, finally rendezvousing with the → near-Earth asteroid in August 2018. The spacecraft will then study the → asteroid Bennu from orbit for another two years before grabbing at least 60 grams of surface material in July 2020. The sample should reach Earth in 2023. The analysis of the sample would allow to study the role that → B-type asteroids like Bennu, which are primitive and apparently carbon-rich, may have played in helping life appear on Earth.

The name is short for Origins, Spectral Interpretation, Resource Identification, Security, Regolith Explorer .

osmium
  اسمیوم   
osmiom

Fr.: osmium   

A very hard, brittle metal belonging to the → platinum group elements; symbol Os. → Atomic number 76, → atomic weight 190.2, → melting point 3,045 °C, → boiling point 5,027 °C, → specific gravity 22.57 at 20°C. It was discovered in 1803 simultaneously with → iridium in a crude → platinum ore by the English chemist Smithson Tennant.

From Gk. osme "smell" because of the sharp odor of the volatile oxide.

osmosis
  تراران   
tarârân

Fr.: osmose   

The process by which solvent molecules pass through a partially permeable membrane from a dilute solution into a more concentrated solution, thus equalizing the concentrations of materials on either side of the membrane. → permeability.

Extracted from Fr. endosmose "endosmosis" and exosmose "exosmosis," from Gk. prefixed osmos "a thrusting, a pushing," from othein "to push, to thrust;" cf. Av. vādāiiôit "breaks through, hunts," vadah- "wedge;" Mod.Pers. guvah, gavah "wedge;" Skt. vadh- "to slay, kill," vadha- "killer."

Tarârân, literally "pushing across," from tarâ-, → trans-, + rân present stem of rândan "to push, drive, cause to go," causative of raftan "to go, walk, proceed" (present tense stem row-, Mid.Pers. raftan, raw-, Proto-Iranian *rab/f- "to go; to attack").

osmotic pressure
  فشارِ ترارانی   
fešâr-e tarârâni

Fr.: pression osmotique   

The hydrostatic pressure produced on the surface of a partially permeable membrane by osmosis.

osmotic; → pressure.

Ostriker-Peebles criterion
  سنجیدار ِ استرایکر-پیبلس   
sanjidâr-e Ostriker-Peebles

Fr.: critère d'Ostriker-Peebles   

An approximate empirical criterion for the stability of a → galactic disk against its collapse to form a bar. The disk is stable if the following relation holds: T/|W| < 0.14, where T is the rotational → kinetic energy and |W| is the absolute value of the gravitational → potential energy. While the → Toomre criterion applies only to small linear perturbations, the Ostriker-Peebles criterion describes global modes.

Ostriker & Peebles, 1973, ApJ 186, 467; → criterion.

other
  ۱) دیگر؛ ۲) ناخودی کردن، دیگریدن   
1) digar (#); 2) nâxodi kardan, digaridan

Fr.: autre   

1a) Being the one (as of two or more) remaining or not included.
1b) Being the one or ones distinct from that or those first mentioned or implied.
1c) Not the same; different.
1d) Additional.
2) To treat or consider (a person or a group of people) as alien to oneself or one's group (as because of different racial, sexual, or cultural characteristics)

M.E., from O.E. ôther; related to O.Saxon athar, O.Norse annarr, Du. ander, O.H.G. andar, Ger. ander, ultimately from PIE *an-tero- (cf. Lith. antras, O.Prussian anters.

Digar "another, other," from Mid.Pers. dit, ditikar "the other, the second," O.Pers. duvitiya- "second," Av. daibitya-, bitya- "second," Skt. dvitiya- "second," PIE *duitiio- "second."

othering
  دیگرش، ناخودیکرد   
digareš, nâxodikard

Fr.:   

An action by which an individual or group becomes classified in somebody's mind as "not one of us". See also: → in-group, → out-group.

other; → -ing.

otherness
  دیگری؛ ناخودی‌بود   
digari; nâxodibud

Fr.:   

Characteristic of the Other.

other; → -ness.

out
  برون، اُس-   
borun, os-

Fr.: hors   

Away from, or not in, the normal or usual place, position, state, etc.

O.E. ut; (cf. O.N., O.Fris., Goth. ut, Du. uit, Ger. aus; PIE base *ud- "up, up away" (cf. Pers. os-, as below; Gk. hysteros "the latter;" L. usque "all the way to, without interruption;" O.Ir. ud- "out;" Rus. vy- "out").

Borun, variant birun "out, the outside," from Mid.Pers. bêron, from "outside, out, away," variant bêg, as in bêgânag (cf. Sogh. bêk "out, outside, apart, except," bêk-dênê "heretic," literally "out of religion") + rôn "side, direction;" Av. ravan- "(course of a) river").
Os-, from Mid.Pers. us-, uz-; Av. uz-, us- "out of, outside, from;" O.Pers. ud- (ud-apatatā "to rise up, rebel"), also Pers. preposition az "from; of; out of," prefixes zo- (in zodudan "to polish, clean;" Mid.Pers. uzdâtan; Av. uzdā-, from uz- + dā- "to make, create"), âz- (âzmâyeš, → experiment), haz- (haziné "cost, expenditure;" Mid.Pers. uzên, uzênak, from *uz-ayana- "going out;" Av. us- + ay- "to go" (→ assembly); PIE *ud- "up, out," cf. Skt. úd "up, away, out;" E. out, as above.

out of phase
  نافاز، ناهم‌فاز   
nâfâz, nâ-ham-fâz

Fr.: déphasé   

The condition of two oscillators that have the same frequency but different phases. Opposed to → in phase.

out; → phase.

out-group
  ناخودی   
nâxodi (#)

Fr.:   

A group to which the speaker, the person spoken of, etc. does not belong.

out; → group.

Nâxodi, opposite of xodi "in-group," from nâ- "not," → un-, + xodi, → in-group.

outburst
  ا ُسبلک   
osbelk

Fr.: sursaut   

1) A fairly brief period of unusually strong gas and/or dust production from a comet nucleus.
2) A brief period of enhancement of emission from a star, a quasar, etc.

out; → burst.

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