An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
English-French-Persian

فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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Number of Results: 435 Search : ad
infrared radiation
  تابش ِ فروسرخ   
tâbeš-e forusorx (#)

Fr.: rayonnement infrarouge   

That part of the → electromagnetic radiation lying beyond the red, between the radio and the visible regions of the → electromagnetic spectrum. The wavelengths range from about 0.8 → microns (μm) to about 1000 μm. See also: → near-infrared; → mid-infrared; → far-infrared; → submillimeter radiation.

infrared; → radiation.

inner Lindblad resonance (ILR)
  باز‌آوایی ِ لیندبلاد ِ درونی   
bâzâvâyi-ye Lindblad-e daruni

Fr.: résonance de Lindblad interne   

A → Lindblad resonance expressed by: Ωp = Ω - κ/m.

inner; → Lindblad resonance.

instrumental broadening
  پهنش ِ سازالی   
pahneš-e sâzâli

Fr.: élargissement instrumental   

The broadening of a point source caused by the response functions of the telescope and the instrument used.

instrumental; → broadening.

intensity of radiation
  درتنویی ِ تابش   
datanuyi-e tâbeš

Fr.: intensité de rayonnement   

The rate of emitted energy from unit surface area through unit solid angle. The radiation from a surface has different intensities in different directions.

intensity; → radiation.

interstellar radiation field
  میدان ِ تابش ِ اندر-اختری   
meydân-e tâbeš andaraxtari

Fr.: champ de rayonnement interstellaire   

A global ionizing radiation in the → interstellar medium provided by various sources all together.

interstellar; → radiation; → field.

ionizing radiation
  تابش ِ یوننده   
tâbeš-e yonandé (#)

Fr.: rayonnement ionisant   

A photon that has enough energy to remove an electron from an atom or molecule, thus producing an ion and free electrons.

Ionizing, adj. from → ionize; → radiation.

irradiance
  تابشداری   
tâbešdâri

Fr.: éclairement énergétique   

The → energy at all → wavelengths that is incident on unit area of surface in unit time. It is measured in Watts per square meter.

Irradiance, from ir- variant of → in- (by assimilation) before r + radi(ant), → radiation, + -ance a suffix used to form nouns either from adjectives in -ant or from verbs.

Tâbešdâri, from tâbeš, → radiation, + dâri, verbal noun from dâštan "to have, hold," → property.

irradiate
  تابش دادن   
tâbeš dâdan

Fr.: irradier   

To expose something to → radiation.

irradiance.

Tâbeš, → radiation, dâdan "to give," → irradiation.

irradiation
  ۱) تابش‌دهی، تابش‌گیری؛ ۲) نورگسترد   
1) tâbešdehi, tâbešgiri; 2) nurgostard

Fr.: irradiation   

1) Exposure to any kind of radiation or atomic particles.
2) An optical effect that makes a bright object appear larger than it really is when viewed against a darker background.

Irradiation, from ir- variant of → in- (by assimilation) before r + → radiation.

1) Tâbešdehi, tâbešgiri;, from tâbešradiation + giri verbal noun of gereftan "to take, seize" (Mid.Pers. griftan, Av./O.Pers. grab- "to take, seize," cf. Skt. grah-, grabh- "to seize, take," graha "seizing, holding, perceiving," M.L.G. grabben "to grab," from P.Gmc. *grab, E. grab "to take or grasp suddenly;" PIE base *ghrebh- "to seize"); dahi verbal noun of dâdan "to give," Mid.Pers. dâdan "to give" (O.Pers./Av. dā- "to give, grant, yield," dadāiti "he gives;" Skt. dadáti "he gives;" Gk. tithenai "to place, put, set," didomi "I give;" L. dare "to give, offer," facere "to do, to make;" Rus. delat' "to do;" O.H.G. tuon, Ger. tun, O.E. don "to do;" PIE base *dhe- "to put, to do").
2) Nurgostard, from nur, → light, + gostard past stem of gostardan "to expand; to spread; to diffuse" (Mid.Pers. wistardan "to extend; to spread;" Proto-Iranian *ui.star-; Av. vi- "apart, away from, out" (O.Pers. viy- "apart, away;" cf. Skt. vi- "apart, asunder, away, out;" L. vitare "to avoid, turn aside") + Av. star- "to spread," starati "spreads;" cf. Skt. star- "to spread out, extend, strew," strnati "spreads;" Gk. stornumi "I spread out," strotos "spread, laid out;" L. sternere "to spread;" Ger. Strahlung "radiation," from strahlen "to radiate," from Strahl "ray;" from M.H.G. strāle; from O.H.G. strāla "arrow," stripe; PIE base *ster- "to spread").

isophotal radius
  شعاع ِ ایزوشیدی   
šo'â'-e izošidi

Fr.: rayon isophotal   

The size attributed to a galaxy corresponding to a particular level of → surface brightness. The reason is that galaxies do not have sharp edges.

isophotal; → radius.

ladder
  نردبان   
nerdebân (#)

Fr.: échelle   

1) A piece of equipment consisting of a series of bars or steps between two upright lengths of wood, metal, or rope, used for climbing up or down something.
2) A series of ascending stages by which someone or something may progress (OxfordDictionaries.com).

M.E. laddre, O.E. hlæder "ladder, steps" (cognates: M.Du. ledere, O.H.G. leitara, Ger. Leiter), from PIE root *klei- "to lean," → incline.

Nardebân "ladder."

Larmor radius
  شعاع ِ لارمور   
šoâ'-e Larmor (#)

Fr.: rayon de Larmor   

The radius of the circular motion of a → charged particle moving in a → uniform magnetic field. Same as → gyroradius, → radius of gyration, → cyclotron radius. The Larmor radius (rL) is obtained by equating the → Lorentz force with the → centripetal force: qvB = mv2/rL, which leads to rL = p/(ZeB), where p is → momentum, Z is → atomic number, e is the → electron charge, and B is → magnetic induction. The frequency of this circular motion is known as the → gyrofrequency.

Larmor frequency; → radius.

law of non-contradiction
  قانون ِ ناپادگویی   
qânun-e nâpâdguyi

Fr.: principe de non-contradiction   

Same as → principle of non-contradiction.

law; → non-; → contradiction.

lead
  سرب   
sorb (#)

Fr.: plomb   

A metallic chemical element; symbol Pb (L. plumbum, of unknown origin). Atomic number 82; atomic weight 207.2; melting point 327.502°C; boiling point about 1,740°C. One of the oldest metals used by humanity, because of its relatively low melting point.

O.E. lead, from W.Gmc. *loudhom (cf. O.Fris. lad, M.Du. loot "lead," Ger. Lot "weight, plummet").

Sorb, from Mid.Pers. srub "lead;" Av. sru- "lead."

leader spot
  لکه‌ی ِ پیشرو   
lakke-ye pišrow (#)

Fr.: tache de tête   

In a → sunspot group, the first spot to form in the direction of rotation and the last to disappear. It is the largest, the strongest in magnetic intensity, and the closest to the solar equator among the group sunspots. See also → follower spot.

From M.E. leder(e), O.E. lædan "cause to go with one, lead," from W.Gmc. *laithjan (cf. O.S. lithan, O.N. liða "to go," O.H.G. ga-lidan "to travel," Goth. ga-leiþan "to go"); → spot.

Lakké, → spot; pišrow "leader, forerunner," from piš "in front, forward, before" (Mid.Pers. pêš "before, earlier;" O.Pers. paišiya "before; in the presence of") + row "going," present stem of raftan "to go, elapse, glide by, depart" (Mid.Pers. raftan, raw-, Proto-Iranian *rab/f- "to go; to attack").

light adaptation
  نیاوش به روشنایی   
niyâveš bé rowšanâyi

Fr.: adaptation à la lumière   

The reflex adaptation of the eye to bright light, consisting of an increase in the number of functioning cones, accompanied by a decrease in the number of functioning rods; opposed to dark adaptation.

light; → adaptation.

Lindblad resonance
  باز‌آوایی ِ لیندبلاد   
bâzâvâyi-ye Lindblad

Fr.: résonance de Lindblad   

A kinematic resonance hypothesized to explain the existence of galactic → spiral arms. It occurs when the frequency at which a star encounters the spiral → density wave is a multiple of its → epicyclic frequency. Orbital resonances occur at the location in the disk where Ωp = Ω ± κ/m, where Ωp is → pattern speed, κ → epicyclic frequency, and m an integer representing the number of spiral arms. The minus sign corresponds to the inner Lindblad resonance (ILR) and the plus sign to the outer Lindblad resonance (OLR). The corotation resonance corresponds to Ωp = Ω. In general, the Lindblad resonances are defined for two spiral arms (m = 2), and low order. There are other less important resonances corresponding to higher m values. These resonances tend to increase the object's orbital eccentricity and to cause its longitude of periapse to line up in phase with the perturbing force. Lindblad resonances drive spiral density waves both in galaxies (where stars are subject to forcing by the spiral arms themselves) and in Saturn's rings (where ring particles are subject to forcing by Saturn's moons).

After the originator of the model, Bertil Lindblad (1895-1965), a Swedish astronomer, who made important contributions to the study of the rotation of the Galaxy; → resonance.

line broadening
  پهنش ِ خط   
pahneš-e xatt

Fr.: élargissement de raie   

A widening of → spectral lines due to any of several factors, including the → Doppler broadening, → instrumental broadening, → microturbulence, → pressure broadening, → rotational broadening, the → Stark effect, and the → Zeeman effect.

line; → broadening.

linear electric quadrupole
  چهارقطبه‌ی ِ برقی ِ خطی   
cahârqotbe-ye barqi-ye xatti

Fr.: quadrupôle électrique linéaire   

A system of three charges +q, -2q, and +q, arranged along a line to form an axial quadrupole. The → electric potential  V due to a linear quadrupole varies as 1/r3, whereas the → electric intensity  E varies as 1/r4.

linear; → electric; → quadrupole.

load
  ۱) بار؛ ۲) بار کردن   
1) bâr; 2) bâr kardan (#)

Fr.: 1) charge; 2) charger   

1) Something that is borne or carried.
2) Computers: To bring (a program or data) into main storage from external or auxiliary storage.
To place (an input/output medium) into an appropriate device, as by inserting a disk into a disk drive. See also: → download, → upload, → overload.

From M.E. lode, originally the same word as lode, from O.E. lāad "way, course, carrying;" cf. O.N. leith "way, route," O.H.G. leita "procession."

Bâr kardan "to load," composite verb from bâr "load, charhe, burden," (Mid.Pers. bâr, from O.Pers./Av. base bar- "to bear, carry;" Mod.Pers. bordan "to carry;" L. brutus "heavy, dull, stupid, brutish;" Skt. bhara- "burden, load," bharati "he carries;" Gk. baros "weight;" Mod.Pers. gerân "heavy;" Skt. guru; L. gravis; PIE *gwere- "heavy," *bher- "carry, give birth") + kardan "to do, to make" (Mid.Pers. kardan; O.Pers./Av. kar- "to do, make, build;" Av. kərənaoiti "he makes;" cf. Skt. kr- "to do, to make," krnoti "he makes, he does," karoti "he makes, he does," karma "act, deed;" PIE base kwer- "to do, to make").

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