An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
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فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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Number of Results: 31 Search : different
angular differential imaging (ADI)
  تصویرگری ِ دگرسانه‌ای ِ زاویه‌ای   
tasvigari-ye degarsâne-yi-ye zâviye-yi

Fr.: imagerie différentielle angulaire   

A high-contrast imaging technique that reduces minute temporal and spatial → seeing fluctuations and facilitates the detection of faint point sources, in close separation from their stars. It consists of the acquisition of a sequence of images with an → altazimuth mounting telescope while the instrument field derotator is switched off. This keeps the instrument and telescope optics aligned and allows the field of view to rotate with respect to the instrument. For each image, a reference → point spread function (PSF) is constructed from other appropriately selected images of the same sequence and subtracted to remove quasistatic PSF structure (Marois et al. 2006, ApJ 641, 556).

angular; → differential; → imaging.

binomial differential
  دگرسانه‌ی ِ دونامین   
degarsâne-ye donâmin

Fr.: binôme différentiel   

An expression of the form xm(a + bxn)pdx, where m, n, p, a, and b are constants.

binomial; → differential.

different
  دگرسان   
degarsân (#)

Fr.: différent   

Not alike in character or quality; differing; dissimilar.

Adj. of → difference.

differentiability
  دگرسانی‌پذیری   
degarsânipaziri

Fr.: différentiabilité   

Of a mathematical function, the quality of being → differentiable.

Noun from → differentiable.

differentiable
  دگرسانی‌پذیر، دگرسانیدنی   
degarsânipazir, degarsânidani

Fr.: différentiable   

Capable of being → differentiated. → differentiable function.

From → differentiate + → -able.

differentiable function
  کریای ِ دگرسانی‌پذیر، ~ دگرسانیدنی   
karyâ-ye degarsânipazir, ~ degarsânidani

Fr.: différentiable   

Property of a mathematical function if it has a → derivative at a given point.

From → differentiable; → function.

differential
  ۱) دگرسانه؛ ۲) دگرسانه‌ای   
1) degarsâné; 2) degarsâneyi

Fr.: différentiel   

1) Noun.
1a) General: A difference or the amount of difference, as in rate, cost, quantity, degree, or quality, between things that are comparable.
1b) Math.: An infinitesimally small change in a variable; a function of two variables that is obtained from a given function, y = f(x), and that expresses the increment in the given function as the derivative of the function, f'(x), times the increment in the independent variable, written as dy = f'(x) dx.
1c) Electronics: Referring to a circuit, device, or machine whose principle of operation depends on the difference between two opposing effects.
2) Adjective.
2a) General: Of, relating to, or constituting a difference.
2b) Physics: Pertaining to or involving the difference of two or more motions, forces, etc.
2c) Math.: Pertaining to or involving a → derivative or derivatives.

From M.L. differentialis, from differenti(a), → difference, + → -al.

Degarsâné, from degarsân, → different + noun suffix .

differential and integral calculus
  افماریک ِ دگرسانه‌ای و درستالی   
afmârik-e degarsâne-yi va dorostâli

Fr.: calcul différentiel et intégral   

The two branches of mathematics that make up the → calculus. → differential calculus; → integral calculus.

differential; → integral; → calculus.

differential calculus
  افماریک ِ دگرسانه‌ای، ~ دگرسانه‌ها   
afmârik-e degarsâneyi, ~ degarsânehâ

Fr.: calcul différentiel   

A branch of calculus which is concerned with the instantaneous rate of change of quantities with respect to other quantities, or more precisely, the local behavior of functions. → integral calculus.

differential; → calculus.

differential equation
  هموگش ِ دگرسانه‌ای   
hamugeš-e degarsâneyi

Fr.: équation différentielle   

An equation expressing a relationship between an → independent variable, x, an unknown → function, y = f(x), and its → derivatives. The general form of a differential equation is: F(x, y, y', y'', ..., y(n)) = 0, or F(x,y, dy/dx, d2y/dx2, ..., dny/dxn) = 0. See also: → ordinary differential equation; → partial differential equation; → linear differential equation; → exact differential equation; → first-order differential equation; → homogeneous linear differential equation; → nonhomogeneous linear differential equation; → differential equation with separated variables; → differential equation with separable variables.

differential; → equation.

differential equation with separable variables
  هموگش ِ دگرسانه‌ای با ورتنده‌های ِ جدایی-پذیر   
hamugeš-e degarsâne-yi bâ vartandehhâ-ye jodâyi-pazir

Fr.: équation différentielle à variables séparables   

A → differential equation of the form: M1(x) N1(y) dx + M2(x) N2(y) dy = 0, which can be reduced to a → differential equation with separated variables.

differential; → equation; → separate; → variable.

differential equation with separated variables
  هموگش ِ دگرسانه‌ای با ورتنده‌های ِ جدا   
hamugeš-e degarsâne-yi bâ vartandehhâ-ye jodâ

Fr.: équation différentielle à variables séparées   

A → differentail equation that can be transformed into the form: M(x)dx + N(x)dy = 0.

differential; → equation; → separate; → variable.

differential geometry
  هندسه‌ی ِ دگرسانه‌ای   
hendese-ye degarsâneyi

Fr.: géométrie différentielle   

The study of curved spaces using differential calculus.

differential; → geometry.

differential image motion monitor (DIMM)
  پهره‌گر ِ جنبش ِ دگرسانه‌ای ِ وینه، ~ ~ ~ تصویر   
pahregar-e jonbeš-e degarsâneyi-ye vine, ~ ~ ~ tasvir

Fr.: moniteur de mouvements d'images différentiels, moniteur seeing   

A device that is commonly used to measure the → seeing at optical astronomical sites. The DIMM delivers an estimate of the → Fried parameter based on measuring the variance of the differential image motion in two small apertures, usually cut out in a single larger telescope pupil by a mask. The DIMM concept was introduced by Stock & Keller (1960, in Stars and Stellar Systems, Vol. 1, ed. G. P. Kuiper & B. M. Middlehurst, p. 138), whereas its modern implementation was first described by Sarazin & Roddier (1990, A&A 227, 294).

differential; → image; → motion; → monitor.

differential refraction
  شکست ِ دگرسانه‌ای   
šekast-e dagarsâneyi

Fr.: refraction différentielle   

A problem encountered in astronomical spectroscopy, which consists of a loss of light from some wavelengths due to → atmospheric dispersion. In simple terms, differential refraction means that at nonzero → zenith distances an object cannot be simultaneously placed at the same position within a → slit at all wavelengths. This problem becomes more important for increasing → airmass, larger → spectral range, and smaller → slitwidths. To remedy this drawback, the slit should always be oriented along a direction perpendicular to the horizon, since differential refraction occurs in that direction.

differential; → refraction.

differential rotation
  چرخش ِ دگرسانه‌ای   
carxeš-e degarsâneyi

Fr.: rotation différentielle   

1) Of a single body (such as a star or a gaseous planet), the axial rotation of equatorial latitudes faster than polar latitudes.
2) Of a galaxy, the orbiting of stars nearer the center faster than those at the edge.

differential; → rotation.

differentially rotating system
  راژمان ِ دگرسانه چرخان   
râžmân-e degarsâné carxân

Fr.: système en rotation différentielle   

A system characterized by → differential rotation. In such a system the → angular velocity decreases as the distance from the rotation center increases.

differential; → rotating; → system.

differentiate
  دگرسانیدن   
degarsânidan

Fr.: différencier   

General: To perceive or show the difference in or between.
Math.: To obtain the differential or the derivative of.

M.L. differentiatus "distinguished," p.p. of differentiare.

Degarsânidan, verbal form of → difference.

differentiated interior
  درونه‌ی ِ دگرسانیده   
darune-ye degarsânidé

Fr.: intérieur différencié   

A description of a planet's interior which is composed of a rocky, dense inner core and a less dense outer crust.

Differentiated, p.p. of → differentiate; → interior.

differentiated meteorite
  شخانه‌ی ِ دگرسانیده، شهاب‌سنگ ِ ~   
šaxâne-ye degarsânidé, šahâbsang-e ~

Fr.: météorite différenciée   

A meteorite that has distinctly separated stone, metal, and glass. It is derived from a differentiated parent body and hence not primitive. The parent body accreted surrounding material until it was large enough to start melting in the middle. The denser metals sank to the center and the stones and glasses floated to the top. A differentiated meteorite made completely of metal comes from the center of a parent meteoroid which was broken apart. → undifferenciated meteorite.

Differentiated, p.p. of → differentiate; → meteorite.

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