An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
English-French-Persian

فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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Number of Results: 13176 Search : in
  سنجیدار ِ ریلی   
sanjidâr-e Rayleigh

Fr.: critère de Rayleigh   

A criterion for the instability of a basic swirling flow with an arbitrary dependence of angular velocity Ω(r) on the distance r from the axis of rotation. This states that in → inviscid fluids: Ω(r) < 0 for instability, where Ω = (1/r3) (d/dr)(r4Ω4).

Rayleigh; → criterion.

"nongravitational forces"
  "نیروهای ِ ناگرانشی"   
"niruhâ-ye nâgerâneši" (#)

Fr.: "forces non-gravitationnelles"   

The forces of jets from a comet's nucleus that can cause a rocket-like effect and alter a comet's direction of motion slightly.

non-; → gravitational; → force.

"shadow of the nucleus"
  "سایه‌ی ِ هسته"   
"sâye-ye hasté"

Fr.: "ombre du noyau"   

A dark lane that appears behind the coma in some comets. It is not the shadow of the true nucleus but sometimes may be a region of the near-tail that lies behind the densest part of the inner coma and therefore receives less sunlight.

shadow; → nucleus.

(486958) 2014 MU69
     
(486958) 2014 MU69

Fr.: (486958) 2014 MU69   

A → trans-Neptunian object located in the → Kuiper belt, nicknamed Ultima Thule. It is elongated in shape with estimated dimensions of about 31 by 19 km. NASA's → New Horizons spacecraft conducted a close → flyby of the object on January 1, 2019 just 3,500 km above the object's surface. The images it took show that the object has in fact two distinct lobes. At a heliocentric distance of 44 → astronomical units, (486958) 2014 MU69 is the most distant object ever visited by a spacecraft. It has an → orbital period of 298 years, a small → inclination (~ 2.45°), and a low → eccentricity (0.042).

asteroid designation.

-able, -ble, -ible
  -یی، -پذیر   
-i (#), -pazir (#)

Fr.: -able, -ble, -ible   

Suffix forming adjectives with meanings "capable of, susceptible of, worthy of, tending to."

M.E., from O.Fr., from L. -abilis, -ibilis, from -a- and -i- + -bilis.

The capability suffix -i is added to the infinitive form.
-pazir "receiving, accepting, admitting, having," from paziroftan "to receive, accept, admit," Mid.Pers. padiriftan, padir- "to receive, accept," from Proto-Iranian *pati- + *grab- "to grab, seize, take," Av./O.Pers. grab- "to take, seize;" cp. Skt. grah-, grabh- "to seize, take," graha "seizing, holding, perceiving," M.L.G. grabben "to grab," from P.Gmc. *grab (E. grab); PIE *ghrebh- "to seize."

-aceous
   -آسا   
-âsâ

Fr.: -acé   

A prefix with several meanings: "characterized by," "of the nature of," "belonging to or connected with a division of animals characterized by or of the nature of," "belonging to or connected with a family of plants of the nature of."

From L. -aceus.

-âsâ a suffix denoting "resemblance; nature; relation," from Mid.Pers. suffix -ihâ forming adverbs.

-al
  ۱) -ای، -ور، -مند؛ ۲) -آل، و دیگرها   
1) -i (#), -var (#), -mand (#); 2) -âl (#), various solutions

Fr.: -al   

1) Adjective suffix denoting "of, relating to, or characterized by;" e.g. astronomical, material, equal, final, general, directional, fictional, etc. Variant → -ar.
2) Noun suffix, used with verbs (refusal, rehearsal, etc.) or nouns (canal, etc.).

1) M.E., from O.Fr., from L. -alis
2) M.E. -aille, from O.Fr., from L. -alia, from neuter pl. of -alis.

1) -i, contraction of -ik, → -ic; -var Mid.Pers. -uwar, -war, from O.Pers. -bara, from bar- "to bear, carry," variant -ur; -mand from Mid.Pers. -omand, O.Pers./Av. -mant, cf. Skt. -mant.
2) In Persian, -âl, a suffix of attributes and similarity, is used to form adjectives that often become nouns. Sometimes it occurs as -al or -el and may be confounded with -ul and -ulé, → -ule. Its link with L. -alis is not established. Some examples:
dombâl "rear part; continuation; tail," from domb "tail" + -âl,
cangâl "fork; claws," from cang "claw; hook" + -âl,
pušâl "tinder, rubbish," from puc, puk "hollow" + -âl,
ravâl "trend," from row present stem of raftan "to go" + -âl,
xoškâl "dried twigs and leaves of a green tree," from xošk "dry" + -âl,
tofâl "remains of anything squeezed," from tof "saliva" + -âl,
kupâl "club," from kup-, kub(idan) "to beat, strike, pound" + -âl,
gowdâl "hole, pit, low place," from gowd "deep" + -âl,
tâval "blister," from tâv-, tâb-, tâbidan "to become warm, burn," + -al.
kandâl "pit (Qâeni), watercourse, canal (Kordi)," from kand stem of kandan "to dig, pluck, extract" + -âl,
mərdâl (Tâleši Xošabar) "dead," from mərd "to die" + -âl,
capâl "left-handed," from cap "left" + -âl,
gaštal (Laki) "wanderer, vagabond," from gaštan "to turn, return, change, look about" + -al,
kašal (Torbat Heydariye-yi) "elongated," from kašidan "to draw, extend" + -al,
gerdel (Hamadâni, Lori, Qomi) "round, loop," from gerd "round" + -el,
peškel "orbicular dung of sheep," from pešk "dung" + -el.

-ance
   -اگی، -ایگی، -آیی، -ش   
-egi, -igi, -âi, -âyi, -eš

Fr.: -ance   

Suffix used to form nouns either from adjectives or from verbs; it expresses 1) state or condition (brilliance, absorptance); 2) action (e.g. continuance).

M.E., from O.Fr., from L. -antia.

-Egi, -igi, -âi, -âyi, -eš Pers. noun suffixes denoting state, condition.

-ant
     

Fr.: -ant   

Same as → -ent.

-ar
  -یی   
-i

Fr.: -aire   

A suffix of adjectives, meaning "of, relating to, or resembling," as in polar "of or relating to": molecular, "being": spectacular.

M.E., from O.Fr. -er, from L. -aris, variant of -alis, → -al.

-ary
     
-i

Fr.: -aire   

An adjective and noun suffix denoting thing or person belonging to or connected with.

From L. -arius, -aria, -arium "connected with, pertaining to; the man engaged in."

-i, Mid.Pers. -ig, -ik, → -ics.

-ate
  ۱) -آت   
1) -ât (#)

Fr.: 1) -ate   

1) A suffix used in chemical terminology, in particular to indicate a salt of an acid ending in -ic and not beginning with → hydro-, such as silicate, nitrate, sulfate.
2) Verbal suffix denoting "to act upon" (in a specific way), "to cause to become."

1) From M.E. -aten, from L. -atus p.p. ending of 1st conjugable verbs.
2) Very likely from N.L. expressions as plumbum acetatum salt produced by the action of acetic acid on lead.

-cide
   -کشی   
-koši (#)

Fr.: -cide   

A suffix meaning "killer; act of killing." → genocide.

M.E., from L. -cida "cutter, killer," -cidium "act of killing," from combining form -cidere, from caedere "to strike down, kill."

-koši, from koštan "to kill," Mid.Pers. kuštan "to kill, to stuggle;" related to košti "fighting, wrestling;" Av. kuš- "to fight, to struggle" (Cheung 2007).

-cracy
   -سالاری   
-sâlâri

Fr.: -cracie   

A combining form occurring in loanwords from Greek with the meaning "rule, government, governing body." → theocracy.

From Fr. -cratie, from M.L. -cratia, from Gk. -kratia "power, might; rule; authority," from kratos "strength," from PIE *kre-tes- "power, strength," suffixed form of root *kar-/*ker- "→ hard." "hard."

From sâlâr "leader, chieftain, commander;" Mid.Pers. sâlâr "leader, master;" variant of sardâr "commander, chief, general," from sar "chief, → head," + dâr "having, possessor," from dâštan "to have, to possess," Mid.Pers. dâštan; O.Pers./Av. root dar- "to hold, keep back, maintain, keep in mind;" Skt. dhr-, dharma- "law;" Gk. thronos "elevated seat, throne;" L. firmus "firm, stable;" Lith. daryti "to make;" PIE *dher- "to hold, support."

-ence
   -اگی، -ایگی، -آیی   
-egi, -igi, -âi, -âyi

Fr.: -ence   

A noun suffix equivalent to → -ance.

-ance.

-ency
     

Fr.: -ence   

A suffix denoting quality or state.

From L. -entia.

-ent
     

Fr.: -ent   

A suffix with the sense "causing or performing an action or existing in a certain condition." Same as → -ant.

From Fr. -ent and directly from L. -entem (nominative -ens), pr.p. suffix of verbs in -ere/-ire.

-eous
   -ای، -مند، -ناک، -ور   
-i, -mand, -nâk, -var

Fr.: -eux   

An adjective forming suffix with the meanings "ccomposed of, resembling, having the nature of."

-ous.

-er
   -گر، -گار، -کار، -آر، -نده   
-gar (#), -gâr (#), -kâr (#), -âr (#), -andé (#)

Fr.: -eur   

A suffix serving as the regular English formative of agent nouns, being attached to verbs of any origin.

M.E. -er(e), corresponding to L. → -or, O.E. -ere; cf. Ger. -er, Sw. -are, Dan. -ere.

-or.

-escence
   -استی   
-esti

Fr.: -escence   

A suffix denoting "action, process, state, or condition," and corresponding to adjectives ending in -escent. → luminescence.

From L. -escentia, from escens, from esse "to be," → existence, + -ia

-esti, noun from -est, variant of ast, hast "is, → exists," cognate with L. -escence, as above.

<< < -es -it -sc 201 951 abe abs abs aca acc acc aco act ada adh ado aer aft air Alf alg alk alp Alt alt amb ana And ang ani ann ant ant ant apo app app Apu arc arg Arn art ass ast ast ast atm ato att aur aut avo azi bac bal bar bar bat Bea Bel bet bia big bin bio Bir bla bla blo Blu bol Boo bou box bre Bri bro bur cal cal Can cap car Car cat cau cel cen cen cha Cha cha che Chi chr cir cir civ cla clo clo CMB coa coe coh col col col com com com com com com com com Com con con con con con con con con con con con con coo cor cor cor Cos cos cos cou cou cra cri cro cry cul cur cyc D l dar dat day dea dec dec dec def def deg Del Den dep der det deu dew dic dif dif dil dip dir dis dis dis dis dis diu dog Dop dou Dra Dsc dus dwa dyn Dys Ear ecc eco edg egg Ein Ela ele ele ele ele ell eme emp enc eng ent epi equ equ equ eru eth Eur eve exa exc exe exi exo exp ext ext ext fab fai Fan fea fem fer fie fil fir fir fla fli flu foc for for for fra fre fre fri fun fuz gal gal gal Gam gau Gau gen geo geo geo geo Gib glo gov gra gra gra gra gre gro Gui H-a hal Ham har Hay hea hei hel Hel her het hie hig hoa hom hor hot Hub Hug hur hyd hyd hyl hyp ice ide ima ima imp imp inc inc ind ine inf inf inf ing inn ins ins int int int int int int int int inv inv ion iro Isl iso iso Jab jet Jov Jup Kar Kep kil Kip Kra Lag Lam Lan Lar las law lea Leg Leo lev lig lim lin lin lin lit loc loc log Lor low lum lun lun Lym Mac mag mag mag mag mag mai Mal map mas mas mat Mau mea mea med Men mer Mes Met met mic mic Mie mil min Mir mix mod mol mom Moo mor mov mul mur n-b nan nat nea neg Ner neu new New NGC noc nom non non nor nor nuc nuc nul nut obj obl obs occ oct off old one ope opp opt opt orb ord org Ori osc oth ove Owl P-s Pal par par par par Pas pat pec pen per per per per per Pha pha pho pho pho phy pie pix Pla pla pla pla Pli Poi pol pol pol pol por pos pos pow pre pre pre pre pri pri pri pro pro pro pro pro pro pro pub pul pyc qua qua qua qua qui rad rad rad rad rad rad rai ran rar Ray rea Rea rec rec red red ref ref reg rel rel rel ren res res res res ret rev Ric rig rin roc roo rot rot rur S5- Sal sat sca sca Sch sci Scu sec sec sed sel sel sem seq set sha she sho sid sie sil sim sin sit sky slo sno sod sol sol sol sol son sou spa spa spe spe spe spe sph spi spo squ sta sta sta sta ste ste ste Sti sto str str sub sub sub sul sup sup sup sup sur sur syl syn sys tal Tay tel ten ter tex the the the the Tho thr tid tim Tit too Tor tra tra Tra tra Tra tri Tri tru tub tur two Typ ult ult unc uni uni uni upl ura uti val var vec vel ver Ver vie vir vis vis vol W-R war wav wav wea Wei wha wid win WN3 Wol wri xen yok zen zij > >>