An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
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فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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Number of Results: 60 Search : nebula
absorption nebula
  میغ ِ درشمی   
miq-e daršami

Fr.: nébuleuse par absorption, nébuleuse obscure   

A dark cloud of dust and gas that absorbs light from and impedes the view of background stars; dark nebula.

absorption; → nebula.

bipolar nebula
  میغ ِ دوقطبی   
miq-e doqotbi

Fr.: nébuleuse bipolaire   

An interstellar cloud of ionized gas with two main lobes which lie symmetrically on either side of a central star. The bipolar shape is generally due to the ejection of material by the central star in opposing directions.

bipolar; → nebula.

Boomerang Nebula
  میغ ِ بومرانگ   
miq-e bumerâng

Fr.: nébuleuse du Boomerang   

A → nebula displaying two nearly symmetric lobes of matter that are being ejected from a central star at a speed of about 600,000 km per hour (each lobe nearly one light-year in length). The Boomerang Nebula resides 5,000 → light-years from Earth in the direction of the Southern constellation → Centaurus.

Boomerang, adapted from wo-mur-rang, boo-mer-rit, in the language of Australian aborigines; → nebula.

born-again planetary nebula
  میغ ِ سیاره‌ای ِ باز‌زاد   
miq-e sayâreyi-ye bâzzâd

Fr.: nébuleuse planétaire recyclée   

A → planetary nebula which is thought to have experienced a → very late thermal pulse (VLTP) when the central star (→ CSPN) was on the → white dwarf cooling track. The VLTP event occurs when the thermonuclear → hydrogen shell burning has built up a → shell of helium with the critical mass to ignite its → fusion into carbon and oxygen (→ helium shell burning). Since the → white dwarf envelope is shallow, the increase of pressure from this last helium shell flash leads to the ejection of newly processed material inside the old planetary nebula, leaving the stellar core intact. As the stellar envelope expands, its → effective temperature decreases and the star goes back to the → asymptotic giant branch (AGB) region in the → H-R diagram. The subsequent stellar evolution is fast and will return the star back to the → Post-AGB track in the H-R diagram: the envelope of the star contracts, its effective temperature and ionizing photon flux increase, and a new fast stellar wind develops (see, e.g. J. A. Toalá et al. 2015, ApJ 799, 67).

born; → again; → planetary; → nebula.

bright nebula
  میغ ِ روشن، ~ درخشان   
miq-e rowšan, ~ deraxšân

Fr.: nébuleuse brillante   

In contrast to a → dark nebula, a bright cloud of interstellar gas and dust. The term designates both emission nebulae and reflection nebulae.

bright; → nebula.

Bubble Nebula
  میغ ِ تنگل، ~ حباب   
miq-e tangol, ~ hobâb

Fr.: Nébuleuse bulle   

The → diffuse nebula NGC 7635 in the constellation → Cassiopeia lying at a distance of about 11,000 light-years. About 10 light-years across, it is visible with a small telescope.

bubble; → nebula.

Bug Nebula
  میغ ِ شاپرک   
miq-e Šâparak

Fr.: nébuleuse de l'insecte   

The double-lobed → planetary nebula NGC 6302, which lies in → Scorpius at a distance of about 4000 → light-years. The central very hot star seems to have violently ejected material in two distinct directions.

bug; → nebula.

Šâparak "night butterfly, bat," from šab "night" + parak "flying," from paridan "to fly."

Calabash Nebula
  میغ ِ کالاباش   
Miq-e Kââbâš

Fr.: nébuleuse de l'œuf pourri   

A → bipolar nebula and → OH/IR source with technical designation OH 231.8+4.2. It is a → proto-planetary nebula (PPN) 1.4 → light-years long and located some 5,000 light-years from Earth in the constellation → Puppis. The obscured → central star, named QX Pup, is classified as M9-10 III and has a → Mira-like variability consistent with an evolved → asymptotic giant branch (AGB) star. The late evolution of this object may have been complex since it has a binary → companion star (of type A0 V) that has been indirectly identified from analysis of the spectrum of the hidden central source reflected by the nebular dust. The system has a total luminosity of ~ 104 Lsun and its systemic velocity relative to the → Local Standard of Rest is VLSR ~ 34 km s-1. OH 231.8+4.2 is very likely a member of the → open cluster M46 with a progenitor mass of ~ 3 Msun. The nebula is also known as the Rotten Egg Nebula because it contains a lot of sulphur, an element that, when combined with other elements, smells like a rotten egg (see, e.g., Prieto et al., 2015, A&A, 575, A84).

The name "Calabash Nebula" was first proposed by Icke & Preston, 1989, A&A, 211, 409. It refers to the apparent form of the object which resembles a calabash "a tree that has large, rounded gourdlike fruit; the fruit of any of these plants," from Sp. calabaza, possibly from Ar. qar'ah yâbisah "dry gourd," from Pers. kharabuz, used of various large melons; → nebula.

Carina Nebula
  میغ ِ افزل   
miq-e afzal

Fr.: Nébuleuse de la Carène   

One of the most prominent → massive star formation regions of the → Milky Way, also known as NGC 3372. It is associated with a giant → H II region of the same name, which spans about 4 square degrees on the sky and is split by a remarkable V-shaped → dust lane. The Carina Nebula harbors several → star clusters, mainly → Trumpler 14, → Trumpler 16, and Collinder 228, including more than 60 known → O-type stars in addition to the extreme → LBV star → Eta Carinae. This gas and dust complex is associated with a → giant molecular cloud extending over about 130 pc. Large cavities within the molecular cloud are supposed to be carved out by the massive star clusters. There are also several → Herbig-Haro objects and → bipolar outflows.

Carina; → nebula.

Cocoon Nebula (IC 5146)
  میغ ِ پیله   
miq-e pilé

Fr.: nébuleuse du cocon   

An emission nebula located about 3,000 light-years away toward the → constellation  → Cygnus. It is thought to be a region of active → star formation.

Cocoon, from Provençal Fr. coucoun, from O.Fr. coque "egg shell, nut shell," L. coccum "berry," from Gk. kokkos "berry, seed;" → star; → nebula.

Miq, → nebula; pilé "the silkworm's cocoon; a purse", cf. Skt. patta- "woven silk."

compact planetary nebula B[e] star (cPNB[e])
  ستاره‌یِ B[e]ی ِ میغ ِ سیاره‌ای ِ همپک   
setâre-ye B[e]-ye miq-e sayyâre-yi-ye hampak

Fr.: étoile de nébuleuse planétaire compacte   

A star whose spectrum shows striking similarities to → B[e] stars and is evolving into a → planetary nebula (→ preplanetary nebula).

compact; → planetary; → nebula; → B[e] star.

Crab nebula (M1, NGC 1952)
  میغ ِ خرچنگ   
miq-e xarcang

Fr.: Nébuleuse du Crabe   

An expanding cloud of debris from the explosion of a → Type I supernova in the → constellation  → Taurus. Its light reached Earth in 1054 and was visible to the naked eye even in the daytime. Lying about 6,300 → light-years away, the Crab nebula is an intense → radio source (Tau A), and also a source of X-rays and gamma-rays. The diameter of the → supernova remnant is about 6 light-years; it is expanding at velocity of 1000 km/sec.

crab; → nebula.

dark nebula
  میغ ِ تاریک   
miq-e târik

Fr.: nébuleuse sombre   

An interstellar cloud of absorbing matter whose dust particles obscure the light from stars beyond it and give the cloud the appearance of a dark, starless region.

dark; → nebula.

diffuse nebula
  میغ ِ پخشیده   
miq-e paxšidé

Fr.: nébuleuse diffuse   

An irregularly shaped and low density interstellar cloud visible in the optical wavelengths.

diffuse; → nebula.

Dumbbell Nebula (M27, NGC 6853)
  میغ ِ دمبل   
miq-e dambel

Fr.: Nébuleuse de l'Haltère   

One of the brightest planetary nebulae; it lies in the constellation → Vulpecula at a distance of about 1000 light-years. It was discovered by Charles Messier in 1764.

Dumbbell "a short bar with weights at each end that is used for exercise," from dumb + bell. When viewed in a small telescope, the brighter portion of the nebula shows like a bipolar geometry, hence the name; → nebula.

Dambel loanword from dumbbell, as above; → nebula.

Eagle Nebula (IC 4703)
  میغ ِ شاهین   
Miq-e Šâhin

Fr.: Nébuleuse de l'Aigle   

A prominent → H II region in the constellation → Serpens lying about 2 kpc away from the Sun. It measures about 30' across and surrounds the open cluster → M16 (NGC 6611), which contains at least 20 stars of spectral type B0.5 or earlier, including one 05V. At a projected distance from the cluster of about 2 pc, where the H II region has expanded into surrounding → molecular cloud, a striking → elephant trunk morphology or → pillar results. The nebula is the site of ongoing → star formation, especially in these pillar structures. The Eagle Nebula is often erroneously given the cluster's designation (M16).

Eagle, because the nebula's shape is vaguely reminiscent of an eagle in flight; from M.E. egle, from O.Fr. egle, from O.Prov. aigla, from L. → aquila "black eagle;" → nebula.

Miq, → nebula; Šâhin, → aquila.

Elephant's Trunk Nebula
  میغ ِ خرطوم ِ فیل   
miq-e xortum-e fil

Fr.: Nébuleuse de la trompe d'éléphant   

An elongated dark structure of gas and dust in the → H II region IC 1396. It spans about 5 degrees on the sky in the constellation → Cepheus, about 2400 → light-years from the Earth. The Elephant Trunk Nebula is believed to be site of star formation, containing several very young stars. It is an example of → elephant trunks associated with star forming regions.

elephant trunk; → nebula.

emission nebula
  میغ ِ گسیلی   
miq-e gosil-i

Fr.: nébuleuse en émission   

An ionized nebula whose spectrum consists of → emission lines. → planetary nebula; → H II region.

emission; → nebula.

filamentary nebula
  میغ ِ رشته‌ای   
miq-e rešteyi

Fr.: nébuleuse filamentaire   

A nebula, generally ionized, consisting of filament-like structures of gas, such as the Veil Nebula (NGC 6960) or the supernova remnant IC 443.

Filamentary adj. of → filament; → nebula.

gaseous nebula
  میغ ِ گازی   
miq-e gâzi

Fr.: nébuleuse gazeuse   

An → H II region, a → planetary nebula, or a → supernova remnant.

gaseous; → nebula.

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