An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
English-French-Persian

فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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Number of Results: 32 Search : off
offend
  آفندیدن   
âfandidan (#)

Fr.: offencer   

1) Cause to feel upset, annoyed, or resentful.
2) Commit an illegal act; break a commonly accepted rule or principle (OxfordDictionaries.com).

M.E. offenden, from O.Fr. ofendre "transgress, antagonize," and directly from L. offendere "to hit, strike against," figuratively "to stumble, commit a fault, displease," from assimilated form of ob "in front of against" + -fendere "to strike, push," from PIE root *gwhen- "to strike, kill;" cf. Av. -γna- "slaying," → murder.

Âfandidan, from âfand "strife, war," probably from Proto-Iranian *â-fanda-, from prefix *â- + *fanda-, from *fan- "to move;" cf. Yazghulami fin-/fud "to descend, come down," fəndan- "to bring down;" Roshani sifan-, Bartangi sifân- "to rise;" Skt. phan- "to jump" (Cheung 2007).

offender
  آفندگر   
âfandgar

Fr.: offencer   

A person who commits an illegal act; a person or thing that does something wrong or causes problems (OxfordDictionaries.com).

offend; → -er.

offense
  آفند   
âfand (#)

Fr.: offense   

1) A breach of a law or rule; an illegal act.
2) Annoyance or resentment brought about by a perceived insult to or disregard for oneself.
3) The action of attacking someone or something (OxfordDictionaries.com).

M.E. offence, offense, from O.Fr. ofense and directly from L. offensa "an offense, affront, crime," literally "a striking against," noun use of fem. p.p. of offendere, → offend.

offensive
  ۱) آفندگر؛ ۲) آفندگری   
1) âfandgar; 2) âfandgari

Fr.: offensif; offensive   

1) Causing resentful displeasure; highly irritating, angering, or annoying.
2) The position or attitude of aggression or attack (Dictionary.com).

offense; → -ive.

offset
  اپ-نه   
apneh

Fr.: décalage   

1) A shift in the pointing position of a telescope with respect to a reference position.
2) Another term for the → bias in → CCD detectors.
3) Surveying: A short distance measured perpendicularly from a main survey line.

off- + → set.

Ap-, → off-; + neh present stem of nehâdan "to place, put; to set" Mid.Pers. nihâtan; Av. ni- "down; below; into," → ni-, + dā- "to put; to establish; to give," dadāiti "he gives;" cf. Skt. dadāti "he gives;" Gk. didomi "I give;" L. do "I give;" PIE base *do- "to give."

offset guiding
  راهبرد ِ اپ-نه   
râhbord-e apneh

Fr.: guidage décalé   

Guiding an astronomical exposure on a star, when the object of interest is nearby, but invisible.

offset; → guiding.

Oppenheimer-Volkoff limit
  حدِ ا ُپنهایمر-وُلکوف   
hadd-e Oppenheimer-Volkoff

Fr.: limite d'Oppenheimer-Volkoff   

The upper bound to the mass of a → neutron star, the mass beyond which the pressure of neutron → degenerate matter is not capable of preventing the → gravitational collapse which will lead to the formation of a → black hole. Modern estimates range from approximately 1.5 to 3.0 → solar masses. The uncertainty in the value reflects the fact that the → equation of state for → overdense matter is not well-known.

Oppenheimer, J.R., Volkoff, G.M., 1939, Physical Review 55, 374. Named after Robert Oppenheimer (1904-1967), an American theoretical physicist, and George Volkoff (1914-2000), a Canadian physicist, who first calculated this limit. Oppenheimer is widely known for his role as the scientific director of the Manhattan Project, the World War II effort to develop the first nuclear weapons at the secret Los Alamos laboratory in New Mexico; → limit.

runoff
  رواناب   
ravânâb (#)

Fr.: ruissellement   

The water or other liquids that drains or flows from the land into streams and rivers, eventually into seas.

From → run + → off.

Ravânâb, literally "flowing water," from ravân "flowing, running," pr.p. of raftan "to go, walk; to flow" (Mid.Pers. raftan, raw-, Proto-Iranian *rab/f- "to go; to attack" + âb, → water.

turnoff
  رهگشت   
rahgašt

Fr.: tournant   

1) A small road that branches off from a larger one, or a place where one diverges from a former course.
2) An act of turning off.

turn; → off.

Rahgašt, from rah, variant râh "path, way," → Milky Way, + gašt, → turn.

turnoff point
  نقطه‌ی ِ رهگشت   
noqte-ye rahgašt

Fr.: tournant final de la séquence principale   

Same as → main-sequence turnoff.

turnoff; → point.

turnoff star
  ستاره‌ی ِ رهگشت   
setâre-ye rahgašt

Fr.: étoile du tournant final de la séquence principale   

A star that has ended → hydrogen burning in its core but is still burning hydrogen in a shell that surrounds the core, just before evolving into a → red giant.

turnoff; → star.

upper mass cut-off
  بره‌ی ِ بالایی ِ جرم، ~ زبرین ِ ~   
bore-ye bâlâyi-ye jerm, ~ zabarin-e ~

Fr.: coupure aux masses élevées   

Same as → upper mass limit.

upper; → mass; → cut-off.

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