An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
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فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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Number of Results: 50 Search : out
outer
  بیرونی   
biruni (#)

Fr.: externe   

Being or located on or toward the outside; external.

out + -er suffix of comparative degree of adjectives.

external.

outer core
  مغزه‌ی ِ بیرونی   
maqze-ye biruni

Fr.: noyau externe   

The upper zone of the → Earth's core, just below the → mantle, extending from a depth of about 2900 km to 5100 km. It is presumed to be → liquid because it sharply reduces → compressional wave velocities and does not transmit → shear waves. Its density is from 9 to 11 g/cm3. The → temperature ranges from 4400 °C in the outer areas to 6100 °C near the → inner core. Since shear waves do not propagate through a fluid, the Earth's outer core is considered to be liquid because the shear wave velocity is zero. Convection motion within the outer core, along with the rotation of the Earth creates an effect that maintains the Earth's → magnetic field.

outer; → core.

outer Lindblad resonance (OLP)
  باز‌آوایی ِ لیندبلاد ِ برونی   
bâzâvâyi-ye Lindblad-e boruni

Fr.: résonance de Lindblad externe   

A → Lindblad resonance expressed by: Ωp = Ω + κ/m.

outer; → Lindblad resonance.

outer planet
  سیاره‌یِ بیرونی   
seyyâre-ye biruni (#)

Fr.: planète extérieure   

A planet that revolves around the Sun beyond the → asteroid belt, namely → Jupiter, → Saturn, → Uranus, and → Neptune.

out; → planet.

outer space
  فضا، برون-فضا، فضای ِ بیرونی   
fazâ, borun-fazâ, fazâ-ye biruni

Fr.: espace, espace extra-atmosphérique   

The space beyond the Earth's atmosphere.

outer; → space.

outflow
  ا ُستچان   
ostacân

Fr.: flot, écoulement   

The act of flowing out; a fluid that flows out; any outward movement. Opposite of → inflow.

out + → flow.

outgassing
  ا ُسگازش   
osgâzeš

Fr.: dégazage   

1) General: The slow release of a gas that was trapped, frozen, absorbed or adsorbed in some material.
2) Planets: Release of the gases locked in the interior of a planet during volcanic activity so that they become part of the planet's atmosphere.

out + verbal noun from → gas.

output
  برونداد   
borundâd (#)

Fr.: sortie   

1) Power which is given out by any plant or part of such plant, in the form and for the purpose required.
2) Computers: The information produced by a program or process from a specific → input.

From → out + put, from M.E. put(t)en "to push, thrust, put;" O.E. *putian.

borundâd, from borun, birun, → out, + dâd "given," p.p. of dâdan "to give" (Mid.Pers. dâdan "to give," O.Pers./Av. dā- "to give, grant, yield," akin to L. data, → datum).

outreach
  برون‌رسانی، همه‌آموزی   
borun-rasâni, hame-âmuzi

Fr.: éducation grand public   

The act of extending research activities beyond its current or conventional limits to a wide section of the population for educational purposes.

out; reach, M.E. rechen, O.E. ræcan "to extend, hold forth;" cf. O.Fris. reka, M.Du. reiken; cognate with Pers. râst, → right.

Borun-rasâni, from borun, → out, + rasâni verbal noun of rasândan "to carry, guide, send," transitive of rasidan "to reach, arrive," → access.
Hame-âmuzi, literally "teaching every body," from hamé, → all; âmuzi, from âmuxtan "to teach; learn," → teach.

outsource
  برون-خنیدن   
borun-xanidan

Fr.: externaliser   

To obtain under contract with an outside supplier.

out; → source.

outsourcing
  برون-خنش   
borun-xaneš

Fr.: externalisation   

The transferring of certain business functions from internal staff to outside contractors.

Verbal noun from → outsource.

paradox of youth
  پارادخش ِ جوانی   
pârâdaxš-e javâni

Fr.: paradoxe de jeunesse   

The observed presence of young stars in the immediate vicinity of the → supermassive black hole (SMBH), → Sgr A*, residing in the center of our Galaxy. The stellar population within 1 pc of the SMBH contains a variety of young and → massive stars orbiting the SMBH. Some of them are only about 20 Myr old and get as close as a few light-days to the SMBH, while from 0.1 to 0.4 pc even younger stars are found with ages of 3-7 Myr. The presence of these stars so near to the SMBH is a paradox. Their → in situ formation should be almost impossible, since the environment is too hostile for these stars to form. Indeed the strong → tidal influence of the SMBH should hamper their formation. On the other hand, the scenario considering their → migration from other places does not seem to be adequate. The time required for the migration from > 1 pc by dynamical friction would exceed their inferred ages unless the migration rate were somehow accelerated. This apparent contradiction was termed "paradox of youth" by Ghez et al. (2003, ApJ 586, L127). See also Genzel et al. (2010, Rev.Mod.Phys. 82, 3121, also at astro-ph/1006.0064).

Youth, the condition of being → young; → paradox.

readout noise
  نوفه‌ی ِ خوانش   
nufe-ye xâneš

Fr.: bruit de lecture   

The noise added in the process of reading a detector such as a CCD.

reading rate; → noise.

scale out
  برون-مرپلیدن   
borun-marpelidan

Fr.:   

In computer science, to upgrade a system by increasing the number of nodes. For example, instead of going from a CPU of X and memory of Y to a CPU with 4X and 4Y memory, use 4 machines with CPU of X and memory of Y. This is a type of → horizontal scaling. See also → scale in, → scale up, → scale down.

scale; → out.

shock breakout
  برونزنی ِ شوک، ~ تش   
borunzani-ye šok, ~ toš

Fr.: émergence de l'onde de choc   

A burst of very bright → ultraviolet or → soft X-ray radiation expected to occur in → core-collapse supernovae at the instant when the → supernova shock breaks out of the stellar surface. During the collapse of the progenitor → massive star, the density in the iron core increases drastically. Once the core material reaches → nuclear density, the core rebounds generating a → shock wave that moves outward through the star. When the shock reaches the outermost layers, it ejects them out into space at → relativistic speeds.

shock; breakout "a forceful escape from being confined or restrained," from break, from M.E. breken, O.E. brecan (cf. Du. breken, O.H.G. brehhan, Ger. brechen), from PIE base *bhreg- "to break" (see also → fraction) + → out.

Borunzani "emergence, evasion," from borun, → out, + zani verbal noun of zadan "to strike, beat," from Mid.Pers. zatan, žatan; O.Pers./Av. jan-, gan- "to strike, hit, smite, kill" (jantar- "smiter"); cf. Skt. han- "to strike, beat" (hantar- "smiter, killer"); Gk. theinein "to strike;" L. fendere "to strike, push;" Gmc. *gundjo "war, battle;" PIE *gwhen- "to strike, kill."

south
  دشتر   
daštar

Fr.: Sud   

The cardinal point which is opposite to north. It is also the direction of the Sun at local noon (in the northern hemisphere).

M.E. suth(e), south(e), from O.E. suth "southward, in the south;" cf. O.S., O.Fris. suth "southward, in the south," M.Du. suut), O.H.G. sund, perhaps related to base of *sunnon "sun," with sense of "the region of the sun."

Note: South is related to right since it is to the right when one faces the rising Sun. This occurs in, for example, in Av., Skt., and O.Ir., as below.

Daštar, from Mid.Pers. dašn "right hand;" Av. dašina- "right;" Ossetic dæsni "skillful, dexterous;" cf. Skt. dáksina- "right; southern;" Gk. dexios (<*deks-i-uo-) "right," dexiteros "located on the right side;" L. dexter "right;" Goth. taihswo "right hand;" O.Ir. dess "on the right hand, southern;" PIE base *deks- "right." The second element -tar direction suffix, as in Mid.Pers. ošastar "east" (Av. ušastara- "eastern"), dôšastar "west" (Av. daôšatara-, daôšastara- "western"), abâxtar "north" (Av. apāxtara- "northern"), Mod.Pers. bâxtar, → west.

South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA)
  ناسانی ِ اتلسی ِ دشتر   
nâsâni-ye Atlas-e daštar

Fr.: Anomalie Atlantique Sud   

A region of the Earth where the inner → Van Allen belt comes closest to the Earth's surface. It is due to the fact that the → geomagnetic field is offset from the center of the Earth. The region is centered near 25 degrees South 50 degrees West, close to the Atlantic coast of Brazil. The excess of trapped energetic particles in that region presents a problem for satellites in orbit around the Earth.

south; → Atlantic; → anomaly.

south celestial pole
  قطب ِ آسمانی ِ دشتر   
qotb-e âsmâni-ye daštar

Fr.: pôle sud céleste   

The point in the → southern hemisphere where the → rotation axis of the Earth touches the → celestial sphere. In contrast to the → north celestial pole, no bright star is visible in that direction.

north; → celestial; → pole.

South point
  نقطه‌ی ِ دشتر   
noqte-ye daštar

Fr.: point Sud   

The point on → horizon in direction of → geographic south pole.

south; → point.

South Polar Layered Deposits (SPLD)
  لردهای ِ لایه-لایه‌ی ِ قطب ِ دشتر   
Lerdhâ-ye Laye-laye-ye Qotb-e Daštar

Fr.: couches de dépôt du pôle sud   

A large area of the south polar region of → Mars which is covered with layers of → water ice and → dust. The SPLD, like the NPLD, has a maximum relief relative to the surrounding terrain of ~ 3.5 km and ~ 1,000 km across. Above the SPLD lies a very thin temporary (1-10 m) cap of → carbon dioxide ice/frost that snows out in the winter and sublimates over the spring and summer seasons. It is believed that the rhythmic nature of the deposits is related to oscillations in Mars' → orbital parameters (J. J. Plaut et al., 2007, Science 316, 92).

south; → polar; → layer; → deposit.

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