An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
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فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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Number of Results: 193 Search : tin
extinction coefficient
  همگر ِ خاموشی   
hamgar-e xâmuši

Fr.: coefficient d'extinction   

Gradient of apparent magnitude with air mass.

extinction; → coefficient.

extinction correction
  ارشایش ِ خاموشی   
aršâyeš-e xâmuši

Fr.: correction d'extinction   

In → photometric calibration, the correction for energy loss undergone by radiation due to the → atmospheric extinction. Extinction correction is done using → standard stars observed at different → airmasses.

extinction; → correction.

extinction curve
  خم ِ خاموشی   
xam-e xâmuši

Fr.: courbe de l'extinction interstellaire   

A graph representing the variation of the → interstellar extinction against → wavelength. Usually it displays the → normalized values of extinction as a function of (the → inverse) of the wavelength (in → microns). See, e.g., Sandage & Mathis, 1979, Ann. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 17, 73.

extinction; → curve.

extinction stars
  ستارگان ِ خاموشی   
setâregân-e xâmuši

Fr.: étoiles d'extinction   

Stars specifically observed at selected air masses in view of determining the atmospheric extinction coefficients.

extinction; → star.

faulting
  گسلش   
gosaleš (#)

Fr.: formation de failles   

The geological process leading to the formation of → faults.

Verbal noun, → fault.

fitting
  سزکرد، سز   
saz-kard, saz

Fr.: ajustement   

The process or instance of adapting a mathematical curve to data points.

Verbal form of → fit.

fitting error
  ایرنگ ِ سزکرد، ~ سز   
irang-e saz-kard, ~ saz

Fr.: erreur d'ajustement   

The discrepancy between the mathematical curve and data points. → fit.

fitting; → error.

fork mounting
  برنشاند ِ دوشاخه   
barnešând-e došâxé

Fr.: monture à fourche   

A type of → equatorial mounting consisting of a two-pronged fork, which forms the → polar axis, with the → telescope pivoted between the prongs of the fork on a → declination axis.

fork; → mounting.

formatting
  دیسارش   
disâreš

Fr.: formatage   

The process of preparing a hard disk or other storage medium for use by an operating system. Before a hard disk can be used, it needs to be formatted so that it will be able to store files and applications.

format; → -ing.

free-floating objects
  بر‌آخت‌های ِ شناور   
barâxthâ-ye šenâvar

Fr.: objets flottants   

A population of → substellar objects which are not bound to stars; they are detected in young star clusters. Their masses, estimated from their fluxes, is several Jupiter masses, lower than those of → brown dwarfs. Their formation is not yet explained. Among the envisaged possibilities: 1) These objects form like stars, from protostellar core collapse and subsequent accretion; 2) they form as low-mass members of small groups, and are ejected from the group; 3) they form like planets within circumstellar disks of higher-mass objects, but are ejected either due to internal dynamics or external interactions.

free; floating, from M.E. float, from O.E. flotian "to float" (cf. O.N. flota, M.Du. vloten); → object.

Barâxt, → object; šenâvar "that swims, floats," from šenâ "swimming;" Mid.Pers. šnâz "swim," šnâzidan "to swim;" Av. snā- "to wash, swim;" cf. Skt. snā- "to bathe, to wash;" L. nare, natare "to swim" (Fr. nage, nager, natation; Sp.nadar, natacion).

German mounting
  برنشاند ِ آلمانی   
barnešând-e Âlmâni

Fr.: monture allemande   

An equatorial mounting in which the declination axis is at the end of the polar axis, which is on top of a pier to raise the telescope to a convenient height.

German, from L. Germanus, maybe of Gaulish (Celtic) origin, perhaps originally meaning "noisy" (cf. O.Ir. garim "to shout") or "neighbor" (cf. O.Ir. gair "neighbor"); → mounting.

Barnešând, → mounting; Âlmâni "German," from Âlmân, from Fr. Allemand "German," from P.Gmc. *Alamanniz, probably meaning "all-man" and denoting a wide alliance of tribes. Alternatively, perhaps meaning "foreign men," cognate with L. alius "the other."

grating
  توری، ~ ِ پراش   
turi, ~ -e parâš (#)

Fr.: réseau   

Same as → diffraction grating.

M.E. grating, M.L. grata "a grating," variant of crata, from crat-, stem of cratis "wickerwork."

Turi, from tur "fishing net, net, snare," variants târ "thread, warp, string," tâl "thread" (Borujerdi dialect), cognate with tanidan, tan- "to spin, twist, weave" (Mid.Pers. tanitan; Av. tan- to stretch, extend;" Skt. tan- to stretch, extend;" tanoti "stretches," tantram "loom;" tántra- "warp; essence, main point;" Gk. teinein "to stretch, pull tight;" L. tendere "to stretch;" Lith. tiñklas "net, fishing net, snare," Latv. tikls "net;" PIE base *ten- "to stretch").

grating angle
  زاویه‌ی ِ توری   
zâviye-ye turi (#)

Fr.: angle de réseau   

The angle between the incident optical beam and the normal to the grating. It is the angle to which the grating must be set to place the desired wavelength at the center of the detector.

grating; → angle.

grating efficiency
  کار‌آیی ِ توری   
kârâyi-ye turi (#)

Fr.: efficacité de réseau   

The measure of the light intensity diffracted from a grating.

grating; → efficiency.

grating groove
  شیار ِ توری   
šiyâr-e turi (#)

Fr.: trait du réseau, sillon ~ ~   

One of thousands of long, narrow indentations in the surface of a → diffraction grating.

grating; → groove.

gravitino
  گراویتینو   
gerâvitino (#)

Fr.: gravitino   

A hypothetical force-carrying particle predicted by supersymmetry theories. The gravitino's spin would be 1/2; its mass is unknown.

From gravit(on) + (neutr)ino.

Hafele-Keating experiment
  آزمایش ِ هافل-کیتینگ   
âzmâyeš-e Hafele-Keating

Fr.: expérience de Hafele-Keating   

An experiment performed in 1971 using four atomic → cesium clocks transported in jet airplanes eastward and westward around the Earth to verify the → time dilation predicted by the theory of → special relativity.

J.C. Hafele and R. E. Keating, 1972, Science 177, 166; → experiment.

heating
  گرمش   
garmeš

Fr.: chauffage   

1) The process whereby a system's temperature increases. → warming.
2) A device or system for supplying heat, especially central heating, to a building; the heat supplied.

heat; → -ing.

heliacal setting
  فروشد ِ هورانه   
forušod-e hurâné

Fr.: coucher héliaque   

The last visible setting of a star below the western horizon just after sunset entering into a conjunction with the Sun.

heliacal; → setting.

holographic grating
  توری ِ هرونگاریک   
turi-ye harunegârik

Fr.: réseau holographique   

A → diffraction grating produced from a series of constructive → interference fringes. The fringes, whose intensities vary in a sinusoidal pattern, correspond to the grooves of the grating. They are recorded on a photosensitive substrate and subsequently treated using a chemical procedure. Since the grooves are created by the interference of light, such a grating is free from the random and periodic errors present in → ruled gratings.

holographic; → grating.

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