An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
English-French-Persian

فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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Number of Results: 731
multidisciplinary
  بس-هاوشانی، بس-هاوشان‌مندی   
bas-hâvešâni, bas-hâvešânmand

Fr.: multidisciplinaire   

Of an approach or study that juxtaposes disciplinary perspectives, adding breadth and available knowledge, information, and methods. The involved disciplines speak as separate voices in encyclopedic alignment. The status quo is not interrogated, and disciplinary elements retain their original identity. See also → interdisciplinary and → transdisciplinary (Thompson Klein, J. 2010, Creating Interdisciplinary Campus Culture, John Wiley and Sons, Inc.).

multi-; → disciplinary.

multiplanet system
  راژمان ِ بس-سیاره‌ای   
râžmân-e bas-sayâre-yi

Fr.: système multi-planète   

A stellar system with more than one orbiting planet.

multi-; → planet; → system.

multiple
  بستا، بستایی   
bastâ, bastâyi

Fr.: multiple   

Consisting of, having, or involving several or many individuals, parts, elements, etc.
Math.: A number that contains another number an integral number of times without a remainder: 25 is a multiple of 5.

From Fr. multiple, from L.L. multiplus "manifold," from L. → multi- "many, much" + -plus "fold," from base of plicare "to fold, twist."

Bastâ-, from bas "many, much" (Mid.Pers. vas "many, much;" O.Pers. vasiy "at will, greatly, utterly;" Av. varəmi "I wish," vasô, vasə "at one's pleasure or will," from vas- "to will, desire, wish") + "fold, plait, ply; piece, part," also a multiplicative suffix; Mid.Pers. tâg "piece, part."

multiple exposures
  نورداد ِ بستایی   
nurdâd-e bastâyi

Fr.: poses multiples   

The division of a relatively long exposure into several successive shorter ones, e.g. to avoid detector saturation.

multiple; → exposure.

multiple integral
  درستال ِ بستایی   
dorostâl-e bastâyi

Fr.: intégrale multiple   

A series of successive integrations in which the integral operator acts on the result of preceding integration.

multiple; → integral.

multiple scattering
  پراکنش ِ بستایی   
parâkaneš-e bastâyi

Fr.: diffusion multiple   

A process of → radiative transfer in which more than one → scattering event may be of importance before → transmission, → reflection, or → absorption. In → radiation-driven winds photon scattering can take place in different → spectral lines. Each scattering occurs in a different spectral line, and successive scatterings occur at lower energies (longer wavelength). The standard theory of line driving (→ CAK model) assumes that photons can be scattered only once in the wind, which is a reasonable assumption for normal → O stars. In → Wolf-Rayet stars, where photons evolve in an atmosphere with a strong → ionization stratification, multiple scattering is important. Indeed the strength of W-R winds appears to exceed the single scattering limit.

multiple; → scattering.

multiple star
  ستاره‌ی ِ بستایی   
setâre-ye bastâyi

Fr.: étoile multiple   

A star which appears single but is in fact composed of more than two components. See also → multiple star system; → binary star; → triple star.

multiple; → star.

multiple star system
  راژمان ِ بستایی   
râšmân-e bastâyi

Fr.: système multiple   

A stellar system composed of several stars bound together by gravitational attraction and revolving around a common center of mass.

multiple; → star; → system.

multiple system
  راژمان ِ بستایی   
râžmân-e bastâyi

Fr.: système multiple   

1) A system consisting of several → components.
2) → multiple star system.

multiple; → system.

multiplet
  بستایه   
bastâyé

Fr.: multiplet   

A group of spectral lines arising from transitions having a common lower energy level.

From → multi- + -plet on the model of triplet.

Bastâyé, from bastâ-multi- + euphonic -yé, from nuance suffix.

multiplicand
  بستاشو   
bastâšow

Fr.: multiplicande   

A number to be multiplied by another.

From L. multiplicandum, from multiplicandus "to be multiplied," gerundive of multiplicare, → multiply.

Bastâšow, literally "that undergoes multiplication," from bastâ, → multiple, + šow, present stem and agent noun of šodan "to become, to be, to be doing, to go, to pass," from Mid.Pers. šudan, šaw- "to go;" Av. šiyav-, š(ii)auu- "to move, go," šiyavati "goes," šyaoθna- "activity; action; doing, working;" O.Pers. šiyav- "to go forth, set," ašiyavam "I set forth;" cf. Skt. cyu- "to move to and fro, shake about; to stir," cyávate "stirs himself, goes;" Gk. kinein "to move;" Goth. haitan "call, be called;" O.E. hatan "command, call;" PIE base *kei- "to move to and fro."

multiplication
  بستایش   
bastâyeš

Fr.: multiplication   

In general, the process of repeatedly adding a quantity to itself a certain number of times, or any other process which has the same result.

Verbal noun of → multiply.

multiplication sign
  نشانه‌ی ِ بستایش   
nešâne-ye bastâyeš

Fr.: croix de multiplication   

The sign used to indicate multiplication, either a times sign (×), a centered dot (·), or an asterisk. The multiplication sign was introduced by William Oughtred in 1631.

multiplication; → sign.

multiplicative
  بستایشی   
bastâyeši

Fr.: multiplicatif   

Involving → multiplication.

From multiplicate, → multiply, + → -ive.

multiplicative identity
  ایدانی ِ بستایشی   
idâni-ye bastâyeši

Fr.: identité multiplicative   

The number which when used as the multiplier of another number leaves the second unchanged; one.

multiplicative; → identity.

multiplicative inverse
  وارون ِ بستایشی   
vârun-e bastâyeši

Fr.: inverse multiplicative   

The number which when used as a multiplier of another number (except 0) produces 1. For example (1/5) x 5 = 1; each of the numbers is the multiplicative inverse of the other.

multiplicative; → inverse.

multiplicity
  بستاییگی   
bastâyigi

Fr.: multiplicité   

1) The state of being multiple, made of several components.
2) In atomic and nuclear physics, the number of → levels into which the energy of an atom, molecule, or nucleus splits as a result of → Russell-Saunders coupling between → orbital angular momentum and → spin angular momentum. It is given by 2S+1, where S is the total electron → spin quantum number. The multiplicity of an energy level is indicated by a left superscript to the value of L, where L is the resultant electron orbital angular momentum of the individual electron orbital angular momenta.
3) In → statistical mechanics, the number of → microstates corresponding to a given → macrostate.

multiple; → -ity.

multiplier
  بستاگر   
bastâgar

Fr.: multiplicateur   

Arithmetic: A number by which another is multiplied. Physics: A device for intensifying some effect.

Agent noun of → multiply.

multiply
  بستاییدن   
bastâyidan

Fr.: multiplier   

To make many or manifold; increase the number, quantity, etc., of.
Arithmetic: To find the product of by multiplication.

O.Fr. multiplier, from L. multiplicare "to increase," from multiplex (gen. multiplicis) "having many folds, many times as great in number," from multi- "many" + base of plicare "to lay, fold, twist."

Bastâyidan, from bastâ, → multiple, + -idan infinitive suffix.

multipole
  بس‌قطبه   
basqotbé

Fr.: multipôle   

An entity consisting of several poles.

multi-; → pole.


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