An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
English-French-Persian

فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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Number of Results: 6 Search : Quark
antiquark
  پادکو‌آرک   
pâdkuârk

Fr.: antiquark   

The → antiparticle of a → quark.

anti-; → quark.

quark
  کو‌آرک   
kuârk (#)

Fr.: quark   

Any of the hypothetical particles with spin 1/2, baryon number 1/3, and electric charge 1/3 or -2/3 that, together with their antiparticles, are believed to constitute all the elementary particles classed as baryons and mesons. Quarks are distinguished by their flavors, designated as up (u), down (d), strange (s), charm (c), bottom or beauty (b), and top or truth (t), and their colors, red, green, and blue. The key evidence for the existence of quarks came from a series of inelastic electron-nucleon scattering experiments (→ inelastic scattering) conducted between 1967 and 1973 at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center. Other theoretical and experimental advances have confirmed this discovery, leading to the → standard model of particle physics.

Quark, coined in 1963 by the American physicist Murray Gell-Mann (1929-), who took it from a nonsense word in James Joyce's novel Finnegans Wake (1939): Three quarks for Muster Mark! // Sure he has not got much of a bark // And sure any he has it's all beside the mark.

quark confinement
  پربست ِ کو‌آرک‌ها   
parbast-e kuârkhâ

Fr.: confinement des quarks   

The phenomenon wherein the → quarks are permanently bound together and can never be removed from the → hadrons they compose.

quark; → confinement.

quark star
  ستاره‌ی ِ کو‌آرکی   
setâre-ye kuârki

Fr.: étoile de quarks   

A hypothetical star so dense that it is composed of degenerate quarks, a matter denser than that of a neutron star.

quark; → star.

quark-hadron phase transition
  گذرش ِ فاز ِ کو‌آرک-هادرون   
gozareš-e fâz-e kuârk-hâdron

Fr.: transition de phase quark-hadron   

A phase transition, predicted by cosmological models, to have occurred at approximately 10-5 seconds after the Big Bang to convert a plasma of free quarks and gluons into hadron.

quark; → hadron; → phase; → transition.

squark
  اسکو‌آرک   
skuârk

Fr.: squark   

In → supersymmetry theories, a hypothetical → boson super-partner of a → quark. See also → slepton.

s from → supersymmetry; → quark.