An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
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فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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Number of Results: 15 Search : norm
abnormal
  بی‌هنجار   
bihanjâr (#)

Fr.: anormal   

Not typical, usual, or regular; not normal; deviant. → anomalous, → anomaly.

M.L. anormalis, blend of L.L. abnormis "deviating from a rule," from ab- "off, away from" + L. norma "rule."

Bihanjâr, from Pers. bi- "without" + Pers. hanjâr "rule, habit, law, staright road."

lognormal distribution
  واباژش ِ لگاریتمی-هنجارور   
vâbâžeš-e logâritmi-hanjârvar

Fr.: distribution logarithmico-normale   

A → probability distribution in which the natural logarithm (logX) of the → random variable (X) has a → Gaussian distribution.

logarithm; → normal distribution.

norm
  هنجار   
hanjâr (#)

Fr.: norme   

General: A standard, model, or pattern regarded as typical.
Math.: 1) The magnitude of a vector expressed as the square root of the sum of the squares of the absolute values of the components of the vector.
2) The value that has the highest frequency within a statistical range.

From Fr. norme, from O.Fr., from L. norma "carpenter's square, rule, pattern," of unknown origin.

Hanjâr "a straight road; way, rule, law; habit, custom; conduct; a mason's rule, a plumb-line, a level;" Mid.Pers. hanjâr "right, correct;" from Proto-Iranian *ham-cara-, *han-cara- prefixed *cara- "to move, walk" (cf. Av. car- "to move, go, walk," carāni "I would go," carāt "he would go;" Mod.Pers. caridan "to graze," gozârdan "to explain," gozâreš "explanation"); cf. Skt. samcara- "passage, way, road, path; going about, moving," from prefix sam- + cara- "moving, going, walking;" Gk. pelomai "to move;" L. colere "to till, cultivate, inhabit."

Norma
  گونیا   
Guniyâ (#)

Fr.: Règle   

The Carpenter's Square. A small and inconspicuous southern constellation which lies between → Scorpius and → Centaurus. Its brightest star is only of magnitude 4.0. Abbreviation: Nor; genitive: Normae

Initially Norma et Regula, L. translation of l'Équerre et la Règle "the Set Square and the Ruler," as named by Abbé Nicolas Louis de Lacaille (1713-1762).

Guniyâ "carpenter's square," probably related to konj "angle, corner, confined place" (variants xong "corner, angle," Tabari kânj, Kurd. kunj, Hamadâni kom) and zânu "knee" (Av. žnu-), Skt. kona- "angle, corner," Gk. gonia "angle,", gony "knee," L. genu "knee," cuneus "a wedge," Albanian (Gheg dialect) kân "angle, corner," Albanian (Toks) kënd "angle, corner;" PIE base PIE base *g(e)neu-.

normal
  ۱) هنجارور، هنجارمند؛ ۲) هنجار   
1) hanjârvar, hanjârmand; 2) hanjâr;

Fr.: 1) normal; 2) normale   

1) Conforming to the usual standard, type, custom; not abnormal; regular; natural.
2a) Math.: A perpendicular, particularly a line perpendicular to the tangent of a curve or curved surface at the point of contact of the tangent with the curve or the curved surface. See also → perpendicular; → vertical.
2b) Optics: A line drawn perpendicular to the surface of a reflecting or refracting medium.

From L.L. normalis "standing at right angle, in conformity with rule," from L. normalis "made according to a carpenter's square," from norma "rule, pattern," literally "carpenter's square."

Hanjârvar, hanjârmand, adjectives of hanjâr, → norm.

normal dispersion
  پاشش ِ هنجارمند   
pâšeš-e hanjârmand

Fr.: dispersion normale   

The dispersion in which a shorter wavelength is associated with a higher → refractive index. Contrasted with the → anomalous dispersion.

normal; → dispersion.

normal distribution
  واباژش ِ هنجارور   
vâbâžeš-e hanjârvar

Fr.: distribution normale   

A theoretical frequency distribution for a set of variable data, usually represented by a bell-shaped curve with a mean at the center of the curve and tail widths proportional to the standard deviation of the data about the mean. Same as → Gaussian distribution.

normal; → distribution.

normal state
  حالت ِ هنجارور   
hâlat-e hanjârvar

Fr.: état fondamental   

Of an atom, the same as → ground state.

normal; → state.

normality
  هنجاروری   
hanjârvari

Fr.: normalité   

General: The fact or condition of being normal.
Chemistry: Measure of the number of gram-equivalent weights of a compound per liter of solution.

From → normal + → -ity.

normalization
  هنجارورش   
hanjârvareš

Fr.: normalisation   

1) A mathematical technique for adjusting a series of values (typically representing a set of measurements) according to some transformation function in order to make them comparable with some specific point of reference.
2) Process of introducing a numerical factor into an equation so that the area under the corresponding graph (if finite) shall be made equal to unity.
3) To change in scale so that the sum of squares or the integral of squares of the transformed quantity is zero.

Verbal noun of → normalize.

normalize
  هنجاروریدن، هنجارور کردن   
hanjârvaridan, hanjârvar kardan

Fr.: normaliser   

To change in scale so that the sum of squares, or the integral of the square, of the transformed quantity is unity.

normal + → -ize.

normalized
  هنجاروریده، هنجارور شده   
hanjârvaridé, hanjârver šodé

Fr.: normalisé   

The quality of something that has undergone → normalization.

P.p. of → normalize.

normalized Hubble parameter
  پارامون ِ هابل ِ هنجاروریده   
pârâmun-e Hubble-e hanjârvaridé

Fr.: paramètre Hubble normalisé   

A dimensionless parameter expressed by h(z) = H(z)/H0, where H(z) is the → Hubble parameter at → redshift z and H0 is the → Hubble constant.

normalized; → Hubble; → parameter.

orthonormal vectors
  بردارهای ِ ارداهنجارور   
bordârhâ-ye ardâhanjârvar

Fr.: vecteurs orthonormaux   

Two non-zero vectors that are → orthogonal and have magnitude 1.

orthogonal; → vector.

renormalization
  باز‌هنجارورش   
bâzhanjârvareš

Fr.: renormalisation   

A mathematical process used in quantum physics that avoids infinite terms by carefully defining fundamental quantities such as mass and charge.

re-; → normalization.