An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
English-French-Persian

فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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Number of Results: 15 Search : total
annular-total eclipse
  خورگرفت ِ حلقه‌وار-هماک   
xorgereft-e halqevâr-hamâk

Fr.: éclipse annulaire-totale   

A solar eclipse that has both annular and total phases. Same as → hybrid eclipse.

annular; → total; → eclipse.

path of totality
  په ِ هماکی   
pah-e hamâki

Fr.: bande de totalité   

The path (up to 320 km wide) that the Moon's shadow traces on the Earth during a total solar eclipse.

path; → totality.

total
  هماک   
hamâk

Fr.: total   

Constituting or comprising the whole; entire; complete in extent or degree. Related term → general = harvin (هروین).

M.E., from O.Fr. total, from M.L. totalis "entire, total," from L. totus "all, whole, entire," of unknown origin.

Mid.Pers. hamâk, hamâg "total, all," hamâkih "totality," related to Mod.Pers. hamé- "all," variant hami "all the time, always;" Mid.Pers. hamê "all the time, always;" Av. hama- "any" (cf. Skt. sama-"any, every, whichever;" Gk. amo-then "whichever;" Goth. sums "any;" O.N. sumr "any;" O.E. sum "some;" E. some) + suffix -âk.

total abundance
  فراوانی ِ هماک   
farâvâni-ye hamâk

Fr.: abondance totale   

Same as → elemental abundance.

total; → abundance.

total eclipse
  گرفت ِ هماک   
gereft-e hamâk

Fr.: éclipse totale   

An → eclipse in which the whole of the disk of the Sun or Moon is obscured. See also → annular eclipse, → partial eclipse, → totality, → totality path.

total; → eclipse.

total energy
  کاروژ ِ هماک   
kâruž-e hamâk

Fr.: énergie totale   

The sum of all forms of energy involved in a system.

total; → energy.

total function
  کریای ِ هماک   
karyâ-ye hamâk

Fr.: fonction totale   

A function whose value is defined for all possible input values.

total; → function.

total gravity
  گرانی ِ هماک   
gerâni-ye hamâk

Fr.: gravité totale   

In a → rotating star, the sum of the → gravitational, → centrifugal, and → radiative accelerations. See also → effective gravity.

total; → gravity.

total internal reflection
  بازتاب ِ هماک ِ درونی   
bâztâb-e hamâk-e daruni

Fr.: réflexion totale interne   

A phenomenon occurring when a light ray traveling cross an → interface from a higher → refractive index medium to a lower refractive index medium hits the interface at an angle larger than the → critical angle. In these conditions the light will not pass through to the second → medium at all. Instead, all of it will be reflected back into the first medium.

total; → internal; → reflection.

total lunar eclipse
  مانگ‌گرفت ِ هماک   
mânggereft-e hamâk

Fr.: éclipse lunaire totale   

A → lunar eclipse when the entire → Moon passes through the Earth's → umbra. The maximum duration of a total lunar eclipse is 1h 47m. It happens when the Moon crosses the umbra at its → apogee, where it moves the most slowly, and the Earth is at its → aphelion. The longest total lunar eclipse of the 21st century, lasting 1h 42m 59s, occurred on the night of 27 to 28 July 2018 (Europe, Africa, Asia, Australia, and New Zealand). See also → tetrad.

total; → lunar; → eclipse.

total pressure
  فشار ِ هماک   
fešâr-e hamâk

Fr.: pression totale   

The sum of → static pressure, → dynamic pressure, and → hydrostatic pressure in the → Bernoulli equation.

total, → pressure.

totalitarian
  هماکی‌گرا   
hamâkigerâ

Fr.: totalitaire   

1) Of or relating to a centralized government that does not tolerate parties of differing opinion and that exercises dictatorial control over many aspects of life.
2) Exercising control over the freedom, will, or thought of others; authoritarian; autocratic.
3) An adherent of totalitarianism (Dictionary.com).

From totali-, from → totality + -arian, a suffix forming adjectives or nouns ending in → -ary.

Hamâkigerâyi, from hamâki, → totality, + -gerâ, → ist.

totalitarianism
  هماکی‌گرایی   
hamâkigerâyi

Fr.: totalitarisme   

1) The practices and principles of a totalitarian regime.
2) Absolute control by the state or a governing branch of a highly centralized institution (Dictionary.com).

totalitarian; → -ism.

totality
  هماکی   
hamâki

Fr.: totalité   

The period during a → solar eclipse when the → Sun is completely blocked by the → Moon. Totality for a → lunar eclipse is the period when the Moon is in the complete → shadow of the → Earth. For a solar eclipse totality can last from only several fractions of a second to a theoretical maximum of 7m 31s, depending on the → distance from the Moon to the Earth. For a lunar eclipse totality can last up to 1h 47m, also depending on the distance from the Moon to the Earth and on its → passage through the shadow. See also → totality path.

total; → -ity.

totality path
  په ِ هماکی، گذرگاه ِ ~   
pah-e hamâki, gozargâh-e ~

Fr.: ligne de totalité   

Of a → solar eclipse, the path of the → umbra across the → Earth. The totality path is usually about 100 km across, but under the most favorable conditions, when the → Moon is at its nearest → distance to Earth and the Earth is at its farthest distance from the Sun, the umbra can have a diameter of about 270 km.

totality; → path.