An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
English-French-Persian

فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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Number of Results: 13176 Search : far
culture
  ۱) فرهنگ؛ ۲) کشت   
1) farhang (#); 2) kešt (#)

Fr.: culture   

1a) Enlightenment and sophistication acquired by a person or society through education, arts, letters, manners, and scholarly pursuits.
1b) The beliefs, customs, practices, and social behavior of a certain nation, people, or period.
2a) The growing of biological material (such as plants, microorganisms, animal tissue) for scientific study, medicinal use, etc.
2b) The product or growth resulting from such cultivation.

M.E., from M.Fr. culture from L. cultura "cultivation, agriculture; care; honoring," from p.p. stem of colere "to till, cultivate; inhabit; maintain; cherish, honor;" PIE *kwel- "to move around;" cf. Av. car- "to move, go, walk," carāni "I would go," carāt "he would go;" Mid.Pers. car- "to pasture, graze," carag "pasture, grazing; flock;" Mod.Pers. caridan "to graze;" Skt. car- "to move, go, walk;" Gk. pelomai "to move."

1) Farhang "culture, education; dictionary," related to farhixtan "to educate," âhanjidan "to draw up;" Mid.Pers. frahang "education, instruction; knowledge," frahixtan, frahanjidan "to educate;" Av. fraθang- "to drive forward, to drive to," from frā-, fra- "forward, forth," → pro-, + θang-, θanj- "to draw, to pull."
2) Kešt past stem of keštan, variants kâštan, kâridan "to cultivate, to plant;" Mid.Pers. kištan, kâridan "to sow, plant; to make furrows;" Av. kar- "to strew seed, cultivate," kāraiieiti "cultivates;" cf. Skt. kar- "to scatter, strew, pour out."

cumulate
  کومیدن   
kumidan

Fr.: cumuler   

To heap up; → amass; → accumulate.

From L. cumulatus "heaped, increased, augmented," p.p. of cumulare "to heap," from cumulus "mound, heap," from PIE *ku-m-olo-, from *keue- "to swell;" cf. Skt. śavi "to swell;" svayati "swells up, is strong;" Av. su-, sauu- "to bulge, swell up, increase;" Proto-Ir. *sauH- "to bulge, swell up, increase" (Cheung 2007, Pers. sud "gain, profit"); Gk. kuein "to swell;" Lith. saunas.

Kumidan, from kum, kumé "heap;" Hamedâni kumelé, kumelân "heap, pile, mound," kumé kardan "to accumulate;" Kurd. kom "pile, group," komel "society, organization," related to Pers. kud "heap" (Mid.Pers. kôt), Gilaki kô-pâ "warehouse, barn," kô-gâh "gathering site." In the Gilan province there are several localities with protruding positions that bear names with an initial kom- (such as komâcâl, komâdol, kumélé, komsâr, etc.); probably related to L. cumul-, as above; if confirmed, interestingly it relates to the PIE form *keue- in contrast with Proto-Ir. *sauH-, as above.

cumulative
  ۱) کومنده؛ ۲) کومشی   
1) kumandé; 2) kumeši

Fr.: cumulatif   

1) Increasing or growing by accumulation or successive additions.
2) Formed by or resulting from accumulation or the addition of successive parts or elements (Dictionary.com). → cumulative distribution function.

cumulate; → -ive.

cumulative distribution function
  کریای ِ واباژش ِ کومشی   
karyâ-ye vâbâžeš-e kumeši

Fr.: fonction de distribution cumulée   

A function that gives the probability that a → random variable X is less than or equal to x, at each possible outcome: F(x) = P(X ≤ x), for -∞ < x < ∞. Same as → distribution function.

cumulative; → distribution; → function.

Cupid
  کوپید   
Kupid (#)

Fr.: Cupid   

A natural satellite of Uranus discovered in 2003 (Uranus XXVII); mean diameter about 18 km, orbital semi-major axis about 74 km.

Discovered in 2003 using the Hubble Space Telescope. Named after a character in William Shakespeare's play Timon of Athens.

Cupido
  کوپیدو   
Kupido

Fr.: Cupidon   

Asteroid 763 Cupido, which belongs to the Main Belt.

Cupido "desire," the Roman god of love (also known as Amor), often equated with Eros, one of the primordial gods in Greek mythology.

curie
  کوری   
curie (#)

Fr.: curie   

The traditional unit of → radioactivity defined as the quantity of any radioactive isotope in which the number of → disintegrations per second is 3.7 × 1010. Abbreviation: Ci. → becquerel.

Named after the French physicists Pierre Curie (1859-1906) and his wife Marie Curie (1867-1934, née Maria Skłodowska), pioneers of research on radioactivity, who discovered → radium in 1898 and received the Nobel Prize in Physics, 1903, jointly with Henri Becquerel (1852-1908).

Curie temperature
  دمای ِ کوری   
damâ-ye Curie (#)

Fr.: température de Curie   

The highest temperature for a given → ferromagnetic substance above which the → magnetization is lost and the substance becomes merely → paramagnetic. The Curie temperature of iron is about 1043 K and that of nickel 631 K.

Named after the French physicist Pierre Curie (1859-1906), a pioneer in magnetism, crystallography, and radioactivity. In 1903 he received the Nobel Prize in Physics with his wife Marie Curie (1867-1934, née Maria Skłodowska), and Henri Becquerel (1852-1908); → temperature.

curium
  کوریوم   
kuriom (#)

Fr.: curium   

A → radioactive element not found in nature but discovered in 1944 among the products of → plutonium-239 after bombardment by high-energy → alpha particles in a cyclotron at the University of California at Berkeley; symbol Cm. Atomic number 96; mass number of most stable isotope 247; melting point about 1,340°C; boiling point 3,110°C.

Named after French physicists Pierre Curie (1859-1906) and his wife Marie Curie (1867-1934, née Maria Skłodowska).

curl
  تاو   
tâv (#)

Fr.: rotationnel   

A vector → operator which is the vector product of the → del operator with a vector function. For a three-dimensional function, it is equal to the sum of the vector products of the unit vectors and → partial derivatives in each of the component directions: ∇ x F(x,y,z) = (∂Fz/∂y - ∂Fy/∂z)i + (∂Fx/∂z - ∂Fz/∂x)j + (∂Fy/∂x - ∂Fx/∂y)k. The curl of a vector field is a vector field. ∇ x F is sometimes called the rotation of F and written rot F.

Metathesis of crulle "curly," probably from an unrecorded O.E. word or from M.Du. krul "curly."

Tâv, variants tow, tâb "twist, swing," from tâbidan "to spin, to twist."

current
  جریان   
jarayân (#)

Fr.: courant   

Any steady movement of material in space. In particular, any movement of electric charge. → stream; → flow; → flux.

From O.Fr. corant "running," pr.p. of courre "to run," from L. currere "to run," from PIE *kers- "to run" (cf. Gk. -khouros "running," Lith. karsiu "go quickly," O.N. horskr "swift," Welsh carrog "torrent").

Jarayân from Ar.

current cosmological epoch
  زیمه‌ی ِ کیهانشناختی ِ کنونی   
zime-ye keyhânšenâxti-ye konuni

Fr.: époque cosmologique actuelle   

The → Universe at the → redshift z = 0.

current; → cosmological; → epoch.

current density
  چگالی ِ جریان   
cagâli-ye jarayân

Fr.: densité de courant   

The electric current per unit of cross-sectional area perpendicular to the direction of current flow. It is a vector quantity and represented by symbol J. Electric current density is usually expressed in amperes per square meter.

current; → density

cursor
  جابان   
jâbân

Fr.: curseur   

A movable, sometime blinking, indicator on a computer screen identifying the point that will be affected by input from the user (OxfordDictionaries.com).

From L. cursor "runner," also "errand-boy," from curs-, p.p. stem of currere "to run," → current.

Jâbân, literally "position/place keeper," or "position/place maker," from , → place, + -bân a suffix denoting "keeper, guard," sometimes forming agent nouns or indicating relation, → host.

curvaton
  کورواتون   
kurvaton

Fr.: curvaton   

A hypothetical → scalar field that is used to explain the → primordial curvature perturbation in the Universe. It is generally supposed that the primordial perturbation originates during → inflation, from the → quantum fluctuation of the inflation field. The curvaton model is an attempt to account for the primordial perturbation by a completely different origin, namely the quantum fluctuation during inflation of a light scalar field which is not the assumed slowly-rolling inflation. In this model, the curvaton field is an energetically sub-dominant component during inflation. As the energy density of the Universe drops after inflation, the fraction of this component becomes significant. At this time the curvaton perturbation is converted into an adiabatic curvature perturbation of the Universe. The amplitude of the final perturbation, which should match observations, depends on both how long the curvaton oscillates before it decays, and on the shape of the potential. The first curvaton model was proposed by D. H. Lyth & D.Wands and in 2002 (Physics Letters B524).

From curvat-, from → curvature, + → -on. Although not related, the term curvaton exists in Fr. meaning "small curve" with variants curvatone, courbaton, and corbatone (A. Jal, 1848, Glossaire nautique).

curvature
  خمیدگی   
xamidegi (#)

Fr.: courbure   

A measure of the amount by which a curve, a surface, or any other manifold deviates from a straight line, a plane, or a hyperplane. In particular, The reciprocal of the radius of the circle which most nearly approximates a curve at a given point.
See also:
curvature constant, → curvature of space-time, → field curvature, → primordial curvature perturbation.

From L. curvatura, from curvatus, p.p. of curvare "to bend," from curvus "curved," → curve.

Xamidegi, from xamidé "curved," from xamidag "curved" + noun suffix -i.

curvature constant
  پارامون ِ خمیدگی   
pârâmun-e xamidegi

Fr.: paramètre de courbure   

A parameter occurring in the → Friedmann equations of → general relativity describing the geometry of → space-time. A spatially → open Universe is defined by k = -1, a → closed Universe by k = + 1 and a → flat Universe by k = 0. See also the → Robertson-Walker metric. See also → curvature of space-time.

curvature; → parameter.

curvature of space-time
  خمیدگی ِ فضا-زمان   
xamidegi-ye fazâ-zamân (#)

Fr.: courbure de l'espace-temps   

According to → general relativity, → space-time is curved by the presence of → matter. The curvature is described in terms of → Riemann's geometry. In → cosmological models three types of curvature are considered: positive (spherical, → closed Universe), zero (Euclidean, → flat Universe), and negative (hyperbolic, → open Universe). See also → curvature constant.

curvature; → space-time.

curve
  خم   
xam (#)

Fr.: courbe   

A line that deviates from straightness in a smooth, continuous fashion. A line representing a variable on a graph.

From L. curvus "crooked, curved, bent;" cf. Av. skarəna- "round," Gk. kirkos, krikos "a ring;" PIE base *sker- "to turn, bend."

Xam, variant kamân "arc," Mid.Pers. kamân, probably from PIE *kamb- "to bend, crook," cf. Breton kamm "curved, bent."

curve fitting
  سز ِ خم، سزکرد ِ ~   
saz-e xam, sazkard-e ~

Fr.: ajustement de courbe   

Construction of mathematical functions whose graphs are curves that "best" approximate a given collection of data points.

curve; → fitting.


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