An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
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فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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Number of Results: 13176 Search : far
hot dust-obscured galaxy (HDOG)
  کهکشان ِ تیره با غبار ِ داغ   
kahkešân-e tiré bâ qobâr-e dâq

Fr.: galaxie obscure à poussière chaude   

A member of the most extreme galaxies in terms of their luminosities and unusual hot → dust temperatures. The → infrared emission from HDOGs is dominated by obscured accretion onto a central → supermassive black hole (SMBH), in most cases without significant contribution from → star formation. The large contrast between the underlying → host galaxy and the hyper-luminous emission from the → active galactic nucleus (AGN) implies that either the SMBH is much more massive than expected for the stellar mass of its host, or is radiating well above its → Eddington limit. The most extreme of these remarkable systems known is → W2246-0526.

hot; → dust; → obscure; → galaxy.

hot electron diode
  دیود ِ الکترون ِ داغ   
diod-e elektron-e dâq

Fr.:diode à électrons chauds   

Same as → Schottky diode

hot; → electron; → diode.

hot Jupiter
  هرمز ِ داغ   
Hormoz-e dâq

Fr.: Jupiter chaud   

A giant, gaseous, Jupiter-like planet lying too close to its parent star and having an orbital period from a few days to a few weeks. The existence of hot Jupiters is usually interpreted in terms of planetary migration. These planets can, in principle, be formed at larger distances from their stars and migrate to the inner regions due to dynamical interaction with the proto-planetary disk.

hot; → Jupiter.

hot molecular core (HMC)
  مغزه‌ی ِ مولکولی ِ داغ   
maqze-ye molekuli-ye dâq

Fr.: cœur moléculaire chaud   

A relatively small, dense, and hot → molecular clump occurring in regions of → massive star formation. HMCs have diameters ≤ 0.1 pc, densities ≥ 107 cm-3, and temperatures ≥ 100 K. The densest hot cores are traced in → ammonia (NH3) and possess densities of 108 cm-3, sizes down to 0.05 pc and temperatures of up to 250 K. Hot molecular cores are generally associated with → compact H II regions and → ultracompact H II regions. High angular resolution observations suggest that HMCs are internally heated by embedded sources, since temperature and density increases toward the center as expected if star formation is occurring close to the core center. Same as → hot core.

hot; → molecular; → core.

hot pixel
  پیکسل ِ داغ   
piksel-e dâq

Fr.: pixel chaud   

Of a → CCD detector, a pixel that has higher charge loss. Hot pixels are a type of noise affecting almost every CCD camera. They are caused by small contamination or production faults in the CCD sensor area.

hot; → pixel.

hot spot
  لکه‌ی ِ داغ   
lekke-ye dâq (#)

Fr.: point chaud   

A compact, highly luminous region in a cataclysmic binary located in the accretion disk where the stream of material hits it.

hot; → spot.

hot star
  ستاره‌ی ِ داغ   
setâre-ye dâq (#)

Fr.: étoile chaude   

A member of a class of stars having high → effective temperatures (above some 15,000 K); mainly → massive stars, but also including → exciting stars of → planetary nebulae, → white dwarfs, and → symbiotic stars.

hot; → star.

hour
  ساعت   
sâat (#)

Fr.: heure   

The 24th part of a day; 60 minutes.
An angular unit of right ascension, equivalent to 15°.

Hour, from M.E. houre, from O.Fr. hore, from L. hora "hour, time, season," from Gk. hora "any limited time," used of day, hour, season, year; cognate E. → year.

Sâ'at, from Ar.

hour angle
  زاویه‌ی ِ ساعتی   
zâviye-ye sâati (#)

Fr.: angle horaire   

A telescope based coordinate specifying the angle, in the equatorial plane, from the meridian to a plane containing the celestial object and the north and south celestial poles.

hour; → angle.

hour circle
  پرهون ِ ساعتی، دایره‌ی ِ ~   
parhun-e sâ'ati, dâyere-ye ~

Fr.: cercle horaire   

A great circle passing through an object and the → celestial poles intersecting the → celestial equator at right angles.

hour; → circle.

hour glass
  ساعت ِ شنی   
sâat-e šeni (#)

Fr.: sablier   

A device for measuring time; it consists of a glass container having two compartments from the uppermost of which a quantity of sand runs in an hour into the lower one through a narrow tube.

Hour glass, from → hour + → glass.

Sâat-e šeni, from sâat, → hour + šeni, adj. of šen "sand."

house
  خانه   
xâné (#)

Fr.: maison   

1) A building in which people live.
2) A building for any purpose. → greenhouse.

M.E. h(o)us, from O.E. hus "dwelling, shelter, house;" cf. O.N. hus; Du. huis; Ger. Haus .

Xâné "house," from Mid.Pers. xânak, xân, xôn; Aftari dialect kiye "house, home;" Xonsâri ki "house;" Anâraki xiya, Tâti Karingân , Sangesari keh "house, home;" cf. L. cunae "cradle; bed;" Gk. kome "village;" PIE base *kei- "bed; to lie, to settle; beloved" (other cognates: O.E. ham "dwelling, house, village;" E. home; Ger. Heim; L. civis "townsman;" Fr. cité; E. city; Skt. śiva- "auspicious, dear").

hover
  پرجازدن، پرجاییدن   
parjâ zadan, parjâyidan

Fr.: planer   

1) To remain in one place in the air by rapidly beating the wings.
2) Computers: To place (a pointer) over a particular area of a computer screen (such as a hyperlink on a webpage) so as to cause a pop-up box to appear or other change to occur, without clicking a button on the device.

M.E. hoveren, frequentative of hoven "hover, tarry, linger," of unknown origin.

Parjâ zadan (on the model of darjâ zadan "to march in the same place, moving one's legs up and down without going forward"), from par zadan darjâ "to beat the wings at the same place," from par zadan "to beat the wings," from par "wing, → feather," zadan, → beat, + darjâ "in the same place," from dar, → in, + , → place.

hovercraft
  پرجاناو   
parjânâv

Fr.: aéroglisseur   

A vehicle capable of travelling over land or water on a cushion of air.

space; → craft.

hovering
  پرجا، پرجایش   
parjâ, parjâyeš

Fr.: vol stationnaire   

The act of one who hovers.

hover; → -ing.

Hoyle state
  حالت ِ هویل   
hâlat-e Hoyle

Fr.: état de Hoyle   

An → excited state in the → triple alpha process leading to the production of the most abundant → isotope of → carbon. The existence of this state is of extreme astrophysical importance concerning the → nucleosynthesis of 12C in stellar → cores:
4He + 4He ↔ 8Be,
8Be + 4He ↔ 12C*,
12C*12C + γ.
The process proceeds as follows. First the unstable → ground state of 8Be is formed in the collision of two → alpha particles. Since 8Be exists roughly 7 x 10-17 sec, it must fuse with an alpha particle before breaking up. However, the probability of three bodies merging simultaneously is extremely low. Hoyle showed that the 12C nucleus needs an excited state or resonance at 7.68 MeV to provide for a high reaction probability. The Hoyle state was soon found at 7.65 MeV with the predicted → spin and → parity.

In honor of the British astrophysicist Fred Hoyle (1915-2001), who predicted this state in 1953 (Hoyle et al. 1953, Physical Review 92, 1095); it was discovered by W. A. Fowler in 1957; → state.

HRD
  نمودار ِ H-R   
nemudâr-e H-R

Fr.: diagramme H-R   

Same as → Hertzsprung-Russell diagram.

Short for → Hertzsprung-Russell diagram.

Hubble
  هابل   
Hubble (#)

Fr.: Hubble   

Edwin Powell Hubble (1889-1953), the American astronomer who provided the observational evidence of the expansion of the Universe in 1929; → Hubble-Lemaitre law.

Hubble classification
  رده‌بندی ِ هابل   
radebandi-ye Hubble (#)

Fr.: classification de Hubble   

The classification of galaxies according to their visual appearance into four basic types suggested by E. Hubble: → ellipticals (E), → spirals (S), → barred spirals (SB), and → irregulars (Ir). Later on a separate class of → lenticulars (S0) was appended as an intermediate type between ellipticals and spirals. The sequence starts with round elliptical galaxies (E0). Flatter galaxies are arranged following a number which is calculated from the ratio (a - b)/a, where a and b are the major and minor axes as measured on the sky. Ellipticals are divided into eight categories (E0, E1, ..., E7). Beyond E7 a clear disk is apparent in the lenticular (S0) galaxies. The sequence then splits into two parallel branches of disk galaxies showing spiral structure: ordinary spirals, S, and barred spirals, SB. The spiral and barred types are subdivided into Sa, Sb, Sc, and SBa, SBb, SBc, respectively. Along the sequence from Sa to Sc, the central bulge becomes smaller, while the spiral arms become more and more paramount. The original, erroneous idea that such arrangement of the galaxies might represent an evolutionary sequence led to the ellipticals being referred to as early-type galaxies, and the spirals and Irr I irregulars as late-type galaxies. See also → dwarf galaxy, → dwarf elliptical galaxy, → dwarf spheroidal galaxy.

Hubble; → classification.

Hubble constant
  پایا‌ی ِ هابل   
pâyâ-ye Hubble (#)

Fr.: constante de Hubble   

Hubble-Lemaitre constant.

Hubble; → constant.


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<< < -es -it -sc 201 951 abe abs abs aca acc acc aco act ada adh ado aer aft air Alf alg alk alp Alt alt amb ana And ang ani ann ant ant ant apo app app Apu arc arg Arn art ass ast ast ast atm ato att aur aut avo azi bac bal bar bar bat Bea Bel bet bia big bin bio Bir bla bla blo Blu bol Boo bou box bre Bri bro bur cal cal Can cap car Car cat cau cel cen cen cha Cha cha che Chi chr cir cir civ cla clo clo CMB coa coe coh col col col com com com com com com com com Com con con con con con con con con con con con con coo cor cor cor Cos cos cos cou cou cra cri cro cry cul cur cyc D l dar dat day dea dec dec dec def def deg Del Den dep der det deu dew dic dif dif dil dip dir dis dis dis dis dis diu dog Dop dou Dra Dsc dus dwa dyn Dys Ear ecc eco edg egg Ein Ela ele ele ele ele ell eme emp enc eng ent epi equ equ equ eru eth Eur eve exa exc exe exi exo exp ext ext ext fab fai Fan fea fem fer fie fil fir fir fla fli flu foc for for for fra fre fre fri fun fuz gal gal gal Gam gau Gau gen geo geo geo geo Gib glo gov gra gra gra gra gre gro Gui H-a hal Ham har Hay hea hei hel Hel her het hie hig hoa hom hor hot Hub Hug hur hyd hyd hyl hyp ice ide ima ima imp imp inc inc ind ine inf inf inf ing inn ins ins int int int int int int int int inv inv ion iro Isl iso iso Jab jet Jov Jup Kar Kep kil Kip Kra Lag Lam Lan Lar las law lea Leg Leo lev lig lim lin lin lin lit loc loc log Lor low lum lun lun Lym Mac mag mag mag mag mag mai Mal map mas mas mat Mau mea mea med Men mer Mes Met met mic mic Mie mil min Mir mix mod mol mom Moo mor mov mul mur n-b nan nat nea neg Ner neu new New NGC noc nom non non nor nor nuc nuc nul nut obj obl obs occ oct off old one ope opp opt opt orb ord org Ori osc oth ove Owl P-s Pal par par par par Pas pat pec pen per per per per per Pha pha pho pho pho phy pie pix Pla pla pla pla Pli Poi pol pol pol pol por pos pos pow pre pre pre pre pri pri pri pro pro pro pro pro pro pro pub pul pyc qua qua qua qua qui rad rad rad rad rad rad rai ran rar Ray rea Rea rec rec red red ref ref reg rel rel rel ren res res res res ret rev Ric rig rin roc roo rot rot rur S5- Sal sat sca sca Sch sci Scu sec sec sed sel sel sem seq set sha she sho sid sie sil sim sin sit sky slo sno sod sol sol sol sol son sou spa spa spe spe spe spe sph spi spo squ sta sta sta sta ste ste ste Sti sto str str sub sub sub sul sup sup sup sup sur sur syl syn sys tal Tay tel ten ter tex the the the the Tho thr tid tim Tit too Tor tra tra Tra tra Tra tri Tri tru tub tur two Typ ult ult unc uni uni uni upl ura uti val var vec vel ver Ver vie vir vis vis vol W-R war wav wav wea Wei wha wid win WN3 Wol wri xen yok zen zij > >>