An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
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فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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Number of Results: 13176 Search : far
pulsational instability
  ناپایداری ِ تپشی   
nâpâydâri-ye tapeši

Fr.: instabilité pulsationnelle   

A term used to describe irregularly spaced, fine-scale structure in optically thick rings. The process relies on a combination of viscosity and self-gravity of ring material to produce this fine structure. Also known as overstability (Ellis et al., 2007, Planetary Ring Systems, Springer).

pulsational; → instability.

pulsational pair-instability supernova
  ابر-نووای ِ ناپایداری ِ تپشی ِ جفت، اَبَر-نو‌اختر ~ ~ ~   
abar-novâ-ye nâpâydâri-ye tapeši-ye joft, abar-now-axtar-e ~ ~ ~

Fr.: supernova à instabilité pulsationnelle de paires   

A → supernova resulting from the → pair instability that generates several successive explosions. According to models, a first pulse ejects many solar masses of hydrogen layers as a shell. After the first explosion, the remaining core contracts and searches for a stable burning state. When the next explosion occurs a few years later, several solar masses of material are again ejected, which collide with the earlier ejecta. This collision can radiate 1050 erg of light, about a factor of ten more than an ordinary → core-collapse supernova. After each pulse, the remaining core contracts, radiates neutrinos and light, and searches again for a stable burning state. Later ejections have lower mass, but have higher energy. They quickly catch up with the first shell, where the collision dissipates most of their kinetic energy as radiation. The first SNe from → Population III stars are likely due to pulsational pair instability (Woosley et al. 2007, Nature 450, 390). See also → pair-instability supernova.

pulsational; → pair; → instability.

pulsator
  تپگر   
tapgar

Fr.: pulsateur   

1) Something that pulsates or beats.
2) A → pulsating star. See also → hybrid pulsator.

pulsator; → -or.

pulse
  ۱) تپیدن؛ ۲) تپ، تپش   
1) tapidan (#); 2) tap, tapeš (#)

Fr.: 1) battre, vibrer, pulser; 2) impulsion   

1a) (v.) To → beat, to → vibrate.
1b) (v.) Physics: To → emit  → particles or → radiation  → periodically in short → bursts.
2a) (n.) Physics: A variation of a quantity whose value is normally constant. The essential characteristics of a pulse are: a → rise, a finite → duration, and a → decay.
2b) (n.) Physics: A single, abrupt emission of particles or radiation. See also → pulse counter, → pulse nulling, → pulse width, → pulsed laser, → precursor pulse.

M.E., from M.Fr. pous, from L. pulsus "a beat," p.p. of pellere "to push, drive," from PIE *pel- "to shake, swing."

Tapidan "to beat, throb," Mid.Pers. tapīdan "to be anguished; to suffer; to grow hot, to be hot," variant tâftan, tâpidan "to stir up, to excite; to shine;" tâp "fever;" Av. tap- "to be hot, to grow hot," tafnah-, tafnu- "fever, feverish heat;" cf. Skt. tap- "to spoil, injure, damage,; to suffer; to give out heat, to be hot," tápati; L. tepere "to be warm;" PIE base *tep- "warm."

pulse counter
  شمارگر ِ تپ   
šomârgar-e tap

Fr.: compteur d'impulsion   

A device that records counts the total number of pulses received over a given time interval.

pulse; → counter.

pulse nulling
  نولش ِ تپ   
nuleš-e tap

Fr.: arrêt de pulsation   

A phenomenon seen in the → radio  → emission of many → pulsars where the emission appears to cease, or is greatly diminished, for a certain number of pulse periods. Typical time scales of nulling are of the order of a few pulse periods, however it may last for up to many hours in certain pulsars. For example, PSR B0826-34 is active for only about 20% of the time. Same as → pulsar nulling.

pulse + verbal noun of → null.

pulse width
  پهنای ِ تپ   
pahnâ-ye tap

Fr.: largeur de pulsation   

The interval of time between two successive pulses. Also called pulse length, pulse duration.

pulse; → width.

pulsed laser
  لیزر ِ تپی   
leyzer-e tapi

Fr.: laser pulsé   

A laser that emits short pulses of coherent light in fixed intervals, rather than a continuous flow of photons. → laser; → high power laser.

Pulsed adj. of → pulse; → laser.

pump
  پمپیدن   
pompidan

Fr.: pomper   

To raise, drive, supply or inject as if by using a pump.

From M.E. pumpe, from M.Du. pompe "water conduit, pipe," or M.L.G. pumpe "pump."

Pompidan infinitive, from pomp, loan from Fr. pompe

pumping
  پمپش   
pompeš

Fr.: pompage   

The act or process of pumping. → optical pumping.

Verbal noun of → pump.

pupil
  مردمک   
mardomak (#)

Fr.: pupille   

1) In the → eye, the apparently black opening in the center of the → iris that permits light to pass and be focused on the → retina.
2) In a → lens, the → image of the → aperture stop as seen from → object and → image space. Same as → entrance pupil.

From M.E. pupille, from O.Fr. pupille, from L. pupilla, originally "little girl-doll," diminutive of pupa "girl, doll" (Fr. poupée), so called from the tiny image one sees of himself reflected in the eye of another.

Mardomak "little man," the allusion being to the tiny image of himself reflected in the eye of another, from mardom "man, human being, mankind, people;" → people, + diminutive suffix -ak.

pupil masking
  ماسک‌زد ِ مردمک   
mâskzad-e mardomak

Fr.: masquage de pupille   

A method for reaching the → diffraction-limited  → angular resolution of a monolithic telescope by using an → interferometric technique. A mask with several small openings is placed in the telescope pupil plane or in a conjugated plane so as to only pass light from selected regions, thus transforming the telescope into an array of small subapertures without redundancy. When the light from each of these separate subapertures is combined, → interference fringes are formed which encode information on the spatial structure of the source (Haniff et al. 1987, Nature 328, 694). Coupled with a novel technique which filters the → atmospheric turbulence through fibers, pupil masking allows reaching a high dynamic range (Perrin et al. 2006, MNRAS 373, 747), which is necessary for detecting very faint objects, such as → exoplanets, adjacent to bright stars.

pupil; → masking.

Puppis
  پسال   
Pasâl

Fr.: Poupe   

The Stern. One of the larger constellations of the southern hemisphere representing the stern of the ship Argo Navis, located at 7h 30m right ascension, 40° south declination. Its brightest star is → Naos. Abbreviation: Pup; genitive: Puppis.

From L. puppis "stern, poop, the rear, or aft part of a ship or boat."

Pasâl, from pas "behind" (e.g.: pas-e pardé "behind the curtain"), variant pošt "back; the back; behind" (Mid.Pers. pas "behind, before, after;" O.Pers. pasā "after;" Av. pasca "behind (of space); then, afterward (of time);" cf. Skt. paścā "behind, after, later;" L. post, as above; O.C.S. po "behind, after;" Lith. pas "at, by;" PIE *pos-, *posko-) + -âl, → -al. → prow = farâl (فرال).

Puppis A
  پسال A   
Pasâl A

Fr.: Puppis A   

A → supernova remnant in the constellation → Puppis, and one of the brightest sources in the X-ray sky. The → supernova occurred about 4000 years ago at a distance of about 6,000 light-years. Also called SNR G260.4-03.4. Its X-ray designation is 2U 0821-42.

Puppis.

purity
  ژاوی   
žâvi (#)

Fr.: pureté   

The degree to which → impurity is incorporated into a semiconductor material.

M.E., from O.Fr. pureté, from L.L. puritatem (nom. puritas) "cleanness, pureness," from purus "clean;" cf. Av. pūitika- "serving for purification," Mod.Pers. pâk "clean;" Skt. pavi- "to become clean," pávate "purifies, cleanses;" O.H.G. fouwen, fewen "to sift;" PIE base *peu- "to purify, cleanse."

Žâvi, noun from adj. žâv "pure."

Purkinje effect
  ا ُسکر ِ پورکین‌ی   
oskar-e Purkinje

Fr.: effect Purkinje   

The increasing sensibility of the retina for light of shorter wavelength as the brightness decreases. In those conditions red objects are perceived to fade faster than blue objects of the same brightness.

Named after the Czech anatomist Jan Evangelista Purkynne (1787-1869), who discovered the effect; → effect.

purpose
  فرنه   
farneh

Fr.: but, objet   

The reason for which something exists or is done, made, used, etc. (Dictionary.com).

M.E. purpos, from O.Fr. porpos "aim, intention," from porposer "to put forth," from por- "forth," from L. → pro- "forth;" + O.Fr. poser "to put, place," → position.

Farneh, literally "put forth," from far-, variant of farâ-, → pro-, + neh present stem of nehâdan "to pose, place, lay," → position.

purposeful
  فرنه‌مند   
farnehmand

Fr.: résolu, déterminé   

Having a purpose; determined; resolute.

purpose + -ful a suffix meaning "full of," "characterized by."

Farnehmand, from farneh, → purpose, + -mand, → -al.

purposely
  فرنهانه   
farnehâné

Fr.: exprès   

1) Intentionally; deliberately.
2) With the particular purpose specified; expressly (Dictionary.com).

purpose; → -ly.

puzzle
  چیستان   
cistân (#)

Fr.: énigme   

1) A problem that cannot be easily or readily solved.
2) A game, question, or problem designed for testing ingenuity.

Of unknown origin.

Cistân from cist "what is?," + -ân noun suffix.


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<< < -es -it -sc 201 951 abe abs abs aca acc acc aco act ada adh ado aer aft air Alf alg alk alp Alt alt amb ana And ang ani ann ant ant ant apo app app Apu arc arg Arn art ass ast ast ast atm ato att aur aut avo azi bac bal bar bar bat Bea Bel bet bia big bin bio Bir bla bla blo Blu bol Boo bou box bre Bri bro bur cal cal Can cap car Car cat cau cel cen cen cha Cha cha che Chi chr cir cir civ cla clo clo CMB coa coe coh col col col com com com com com com com com Com con con con con con con con con con con con con coo cor cor cor Cos cos cos cou cou cra cri cro cry cul cur cyc D l dar dat day dea dec dec dec def def deg Del Den dep der det deu dew dic dif dif dil dip dir dis dis dis dis dis diu dog Dop dou Dra Dsc dus dwa dyn Dys Ear ecc eco edg egg Ein Ela ele ele ele ele ell eme emp enc eng ent epi equ equ equ eru eth Eur eve exa exc exe exi exo exp ext ext ext fab fai Fan fea fem fer fie fil fir fir fla fli flu foc for for for fra fre fre fri fun fuz gal gal gal Gam gau Gau gen geo geo geo geo Gib glo gov gra gra gra gra gre gro Gui H-a hal Ham har Hay hea hei hel Hel her het hie hig hoa hom hor hot Hub Hug hur hyd hyd hyl hyp ice ide ima ima imp imp inc inc ind ine inf inf inf ing inn ins ins int int int int int int int int inv inv ion iro Isl iso iso Jab jet Jov Jup Kar Kep kil Kip Kra Lag Lam Lan Lar las law lea Leg Leo lev lig lim lin lin lin lit loc loc log Lor low lum lun lun Lym Mac mag mag mag mag mag mai Mal map mas mas mat Mau mea mea med Men mer Mes Met met mic mic Mie mil min Mir mix mod mol mom Moo mor mov mul mur n-b nan nat nea neg Ner neu new New NGC noc nom non non nor nor nuc nuc nul nut obj obl obs occ oct off old one ope opp opt opt orb ord org Ori osc oth ove Owl P-s Pal par par par par Pas pat pec pen per per per per per Pha pha pho pho pho phy pie pix Pla pla pla pla Pli Poi pol pol pol pol por pos pos pow pre pre pre pre pri pri pri pro pro pro pro pro pro pro pub pul pyc qua qua qua qua qui rad rad rad rad rad rad rai ran rar Ray rea Rea rec rec red red ref ref reg rel rel rel ren res res res res ret rev Ric rig rin roc roo rot rot rur S5- Sal sat sca sca Sch sci Scu sec sec sed sel sel sem seq set sha she sho sid sie sil sim sin sit sky slo sno sod sol sol sol sol son sou spa spa spe spe spe spe sph spi spo squ sta sta sta sta ste ste ste Sti sto str str sub sub sub sul sup sup sup sup sur sur syl syn sys tal Tay tel ten ter tex the the the the Tho thr tid tim Tit too Tor tra tra Tra tra Tra tri Tri tru tub tur two Typ ult ult unc uni uni uni upl ura uti val var vec vel ver Ver vie vir vis vis vol W-R war wav wav wea Wei wha wid win WN3 Wol wri xen yok zen zij > >>