An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
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فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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Number of Results: 3106 Search : on
particular solution
  لویش ِ پارولی   
luyeš-e pâruli

Fr.: solution particulière   

Of partial differential equations, the solution which can be obtained from the general solution by particular choice of the arbitrary functions. → general solution; → singular solution.

particular; → solution.

partition
  ۱) پرکه؛ ۲) پرکش؛ ۳) پرکیدن   
1) parke; 2) parkeš 3) parkidan

Fr.: 1, 2) parition, cloison, division; 3) cloisonner, diviser   

1a) A division into or distribution in portions or shares.
1b) A separation; something that separates or divides; a part, division, or section.
2a) The act or process of dividing something into parts. The state of being so divided.
2b) Math.: → integer partition; → set partition.
2c) Computers: → disk partition.
3) To divide into parts or portions. To divide or separate by a partition.

M.E., from O.Fr. particion, from L. partition- "division, partition, distribution," from p.p. stem of partire "to part, divide," from PIE root *per- "to grant, allot," related to → part and akin to pake, as below.

Parke, from Kermâni parke "piece, part, fragmant," related to pâr "→ part;" parkidan, infinitive from parke; parkeš, verbal noun of parkidan.

partition function
  کرپای ِ پرکش   
karâ-ye parkeš

Fr.: fonction de partition   

See → integer partition.

partition; → function.

partition ratio
  وابر ِ پرکش   
vâbar-e parkeš

Fr.: rapport de partition   

The ratio of the → concentration of a → solute in a single definite form in the stationary phase to its concentration in the same form in the other phase at equilibrium.

partition; → ratio.

partitioning
  پرکه‌بندی   
parkebandi

Fr.: partition   

A chemical separation process whereby a solute is distributed between two phases.

partition; → -ing.

partitionment
  پرکه‌بندی   
parkebandi

Fr.:   

The act or fact of being partitioned.

partition; → -ment.

parton
  پارتون   
pârton (#)

Fr.: parton   

In particle physics, a constituent of the hadron originally postulated in the theoretical analysis of high-energy scattering of particles off hadrons. In modern usage, the term parton is often used to mean a quark or a gluon.

Coined by the American physicist Richard Feynman (1918-1988), from part, from → particle + → -ion

parts per million (ppm)
  پار در میلیون   
pâr dar milion

Fr.: partie par million   

A fraction of a whole number in units of 1/1000,000. It is usually used to describe chemical concentrations, very small amounts of pollutants in air, water, body fluids, and uncertainty. For example 30 ppm is 3 x 10-5 or 0.003%.

part; → per; → million.

passive component
  همنه‌ی ِ اکار   
hamne-y akâr

Fr.: composante passive   

An electronic component which contains no source of power, in contrast to active components.

passive; → component.

Pauli exclusion principle
  پروز ِ سکلان ِ پاؤلی   
parvaz-e sokolân-e Pauli

Fr.: principe d'exclusion de Pauli   

A quantum mechanical principle according to which no two identical → fermions can share the same → quantum state. Also known as → exclusion principle.

In honor of Wolfgang Pauli (1900-1958), Austrian theoretical physicist, who formulated the principle in 1925; → exclusion; → principle.

pebble accretion
  فربال ِ ریگ   
farbâl-e rig

Fr.: accrétion de galets   

A planet formation concept that concerns the → accretion of small objects of negligible gravitational mass (ranging from centimeters up to meters in diameter) onto large, gravitating bodies: → planetesimals, → protoplanets, or → planets. In a more narrow sense, pebble accretion is an accretion process where (gas) drag and gravity play major roles. Simply put, this means that the pebble has to be aerodynamically small and the planet to be gravitationally large (C. W. Ormel, in Formation, Evolution, and Dynamics of Young Solar Systems, p. 197, eds. M. Pessah, O. Gressel, Springer, 2017).

pebble; → accretion.

peculiar motion
  جنبش ِ اَفد   
jonbeš-e afd

Fr.: mouvement particulier   

1) The true motion of a star with respect to the Local Standard of Rest. → proper motion.
2) The motion of a cosmological object other than the apparent recession caused by the expansion of the Universe.

peculiar; → motion.

pejoration
  پستارش   
pastâeš

Fr.: péjoration   

1) Depreciation; a lessening in worth, quality, etc.
2) Semantic change in a word to a lower, less approved, or less respectable meaning.

Verbal noun of → pejorate.

peony
  پیونیا   
payoniyâ

Fr.: pivoine   

Any plant of the genus Paeonia, having showy, pink, red, or white, globular flowers. Originally cultivated in the temperate regions of Asia, China, Europe, and the northwest parts of North America.

M.E., from M. Fr. peonie, pioiné, from L.L. peonia, from L. pæonia, from Gk. paionia, perhaps from Paion, physician of the gods. The plant was recognized to possess many remedial properties, and was thus given an association with the gods.

Payoniyâ, loan from Gk, as above.

Peony star
  ستاره‌ی ِ پیونیا   
Setâre-ye Payoniyâ

Fr.: Etiole Pivoine   

A peony-shaped nebula around the → Wolf-Rayet star WR 102ka as shown by the → Spitzer Space Telescope image at 24 μm. The formation of this infrared bright nebula is attributed to the recent evolutionary history of WR 102ka during → LBV-type eruptions and/or its strong → stellar wind (see, e.g., A. Barniske et al. 2008, A&A 486, 971).

peony; → star.

perception
  آگرتش   
âgerteš

Fr.: perception   

The process of recognizing or identifying something. Usually employed of sense perception, when the thing which we recognize or identify is the object affecting a sense organ.

Verbal noun of → perceive.

perfection
  فرساختگی، فرسازش   
farsâxtegi, farsâzeš

Fr.: perfection   

The state or quality of being or becoming perfect.

perfect; → -tion.

perfectionism
  فرساختگرایی، فرساختگری   
farsâxtgerâyi, farsâxtgari

Fr.: perfectionisme   

1) Any of various doctrines holding that religious, moral, social, or political perfection is attainable.
2) A personal standard, attitude, or philosophy that demands perfection and rejects anything less (Dictionary.com).

perfection; → -ism.

perfectionist
  فرساختگرا، فرساختگر   
farsâxtgerâ, farsâxtgar

Fr.: perfectioniste   

1) A person who adheres to or believes in → perfectionism.
2) A person who demands perfection of himself, herself, or others (Dictionary.com).

perfection; → -ist.

periastron
  پیرا-اختر   
pirâaxtar

Fr.: périastre   

In a binary system, the point in the orbit where a component is nearest the other component; opposite of → apastron.

peri- + astron; → astro-.


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