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debias varak zodudan Fr.: soustraire le biais To substract the → bias from a flat-field or science frame obtained using an electronic detector. Varak zodudan, from varak→ bias + zodudan "to polish, clean," Mid.Pers. uzdātan, Av. uzdā-, from uz-, → ex-, + dā- "make, create." |
debiasing varak zodâyi Fr.: soustraction du biais The process of removing the → bias from a → flat-field or science → frame. → debias Verbal noun of → debias. |
deblend tuham zodudan Fr.: séparer les composantes In → spectroscopy, to → resolve a → blend into its constituent → spectral lines. Deblend, from → de- + → blend. Tuham, → blend, + zodudan "to polish, clean," Mid.Pers. uzdātan, Av. uzdā-, from uz-, → ex-, + dā- "make, create." |
deblending tuham zodâyi Fr.: séparation des composantes The process or state of separating or resolving into constituent → spectral lines. |
deblur tigidan, tig kardan Fr.: affiner To → increase the → spatial resolution or the clearness of an → image. Same as → sharpen. See also → deconvolve. Tigidan "to sharpen," from tig "sharp," variants tiz, tež, tej, tij, tiq, Mid.Pers. tigr, têz, têž "sharp," O.Pers. tigra- "pointed," tigra.xauda- "pointed helmet (epithet of Scythians)," Av. tiγra- "pointed," tiγray- "arrow," tiži.arštay- "with the pointed spear," cf. Skt. tikta- "sharp, pungent, bitter," tejas- "sharpness, edge, point or top of a flame;" PIE base *st(e)ig- "to stick; pointed." Cognates in other IE languages: Gk. stizein "to prick, puncture," stigma "mark made by a pointed instrument," L. in-stigare "to goad," O.H.G. stehhan, Ger. stechen "to stab, prick," Du. stecken, O.E. sticca "rod, twig, spoon," E. stick. |
deblurring tigeš, tigi Fr.: affinage The process or state of making an image sharper. → deblur; same as sharpening. → deconvolution. Verbal noun of → deblur. |
debris tifâl Fr.: débris The remains of anything broken down or destroyed; rubble; ruins. From Fr. débris, from M.Fr. débriser "break down, crush," from O.Fr. debrisier, → de- + brisier "to break," from L.L. brisare. Tifâl, from tif "rubbish, sweepings, debris" + -al relation suffix → -al. |
debris disk gerde-ye tifâl Fr.: disque de débris A disk developing around a star after the dissipation of the → protoplanetary disk of gas and dust whose material was used in the formation of planets during the first 10 million years. The resulting debris disk is mainly composed of residual → planetesimals analogous to → asteroids, → comets, and → Kuiper Belt Objects in the Solar System. Their mutual collisions produce observable → dust emission in a belt encompassing the planetary system. |
debye (D) debye (#) Fr.: debye A → unit of electric → dipole moments, equal to 10-18 → CGS units or 3.336 x 10-30 → coulomb meter. After Peter Joseph Wilhelm Debye (1884-1966), Dutch-born American, who made important studies in the conductivity of electricity by salt solutions and in the heat capacity of solids. He received the 1936 Nobel Prize in chemistry for his work on the structure of molecules. |
Debye law qânun-e Debye (#) Fr.: loi de Debye The → Debye model at → low → temperatures, where the → specific heat is proportional to the cube of the → absolute temperature, i.e. CV ∝ T3. |
Debye length derâzâ-ye Debye (#) Fr.: longueur de Debye A characteristic length scale in a → plasma, determined by the temperature and number density of the charged particles. The Debye length (in cm) is given by the expression: λD = 743(Te/ne)1/2, where Te is the electron temperature in → electron-volts and ne is the electron density in cm-3. Particles which pass each other at distances smaller than the Debye length interact directly. Outside the Debye length particle interactions are dominated by collective effects. In typical laboratory plasmas the Debye length is small compared with the plasma dimension, so that collective effects are important. |
Debye model model-e Debye (#) Fr.: modèle de Debye An extension of the → Einstein model accounting for → specific heats, based on the concept of → elastic waves in → crystals. In this model specific heat is given by: CV = 9R[(4/x2)∫ y2/(ey - 1)dy - x/(ex - 1)], integrating from 0 to x, where R is the → gas constant, k is → Boltzmann's constant, x = hνmax/k, and y = hν/k. The parameter TD = hνmax/k is the characteristic → Debye temperature of the crystal. At low temperatures the specific heat prediction by this model is in good agreement with observations (→ Debye law), in contrast to Einstein's model. → debye; → temperature. |
Debye temperature damâ-ye Debye (#) Fr.: température de Debye The characteristic → temperature of the → crystal as given by the → Debye model of → specific heats. → debye; → temperature. |
deca- dekâ- (#) Fr.: déca- Prefix meaning "ten" and "ten times" used in terms belonging to the metric system. From Fr. déca-, from L. deca-, dec-, from Gk. deka "ten;" cf. Av. dasa "ten," Mod.Pers. dah "ten," Skt. dasa, PIE *dekm (Dan. ti, Du. tien, Ger. zehn, E. ten, Fr. dix). Dekâ-, from Fr. as above. |
decay 1) tabâhidan (#); 2) tabâhi (#), forupâši (#) Fr.: 1) se désintegrer; 2) désintegration 1a) To become decomposed. From O.Fr. decair, from V.L. *decadere "to fall off," from L. cadere "to fall," PIE base *kad- "to fall" (cf. Pers. Gilaki katan "to fall," ba.ka.tam "I fell," dakatan "to fall (in a marsh, in a pit)," vakatan "to fall from tiredness, be exhausted," fakatan "to fall from (lose) reputation," Pers. Laki: katen "to fall," kat "he fell," beko "fall!," Pers. Tabari: dakətə "fallen," dakətən "to crash down," dakət.gu "stray cow," Arm. chacnum "to fall"). Tabâhidan, verbal form of tabâhi, noun form of tabâh "spoiled, ruined, destroyed," Mid.Pers. tapâh "spoiled, destroyed." Maybe related to Mod.Pers. tâb "affliction, pain, torment; heat, burning," tab "fever," tâbidan, tâftan "to shine," tafsidan "to become hot," Av. tāp-, taf- "to warm up, heat," tafsat "became hot," tāpaiieiti "to create warmth," cf. Skt. tap- "to spoil, injure, damage; to suffer; to heat, be/become hot," tapati "burns," L. tepere "to be warm," tepidus "warm," PIE base *tep- "warm." |
decay chain zanjire-ye tabâhi Fr.: chaîne de désintégration A series of nuclear decays produced by successive → daughter products, when the daughters are themselves → radioactive. For example, the decay chain N1→ N2→ N3→ ... in which the parent nuclide N1 decays to the daughter N2, which in turn decays to N3. Each → radionuclide in the decay chain can → branch to more than one daughter. |
decay constant pâyâ-ye tabâhi Fr.: constante de désintégration A constant of proportionality occurring in the formula expressing spontaneous → decay of → radionuclides. The number of atoms decaying is given by N = N0e-kt, where N0 is the number of nuclei in the given volume of the substance at instant t = 0, N is the number of nuclei at t, and k is decay constant. Decay constant is related to → half-life by τ = ln2/k, roughly 0.693/k. |
decay mode tarz-e tabâhi, mod-e ~ Fr.: mode de désintégration A possible type of decay of a → radionuclide or → elementary particle. In general, a given particle may decay by more than one decay mode. Usually the number of decay modes is one or two. There are, however, → nuclides which have many decay modes; for example the nuclide 11Li has seven decay modes. |
decay product farâvarde-ye tabâhi Fr.: produit de désintégration A → stable nuclide or → radioactive nuclide formed by the → disintegration of a → radioactive isotope, either directly or as a result of a → decay chain. Also called → daughter product. For example, the decay product of 238U is 206Pb, after passing through the following chain: 238U → 234Th (4.5 billion yr) → 234Pa (24 days) → 234U (1 min) → 230Th (245,000 yr) → 226Ra (76,000 yr) → 222Rn (1,600 yr) → 218Po (3.8 d) → 214Pb (3 m) → 214Bi (27 m) → 214Po (160 microseconds) → 210Pb (22 yr) → 210Bi (5 d) → 210Po (138 d) → 206Pb. |
decay time zamân-e tabâhi (#) Fr.: temps d'amortissement The time required for the amplitude of a vibrating system to decrease
to 1/e of its initial value. |
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