An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
English-French-Persian

فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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Number of Results: 452
falsifiability
  زیفیدنیگی، زیفش‌پذیری   
zifidanigi, zifešpaziri

Fr.: falsifiabilité   

Philosophy of science: The concept according to which a proposition or theory cannot be scientific if it does not admit consideration of the possibility of its being false. According to Karl Popper (1902-1994), falsifiability is the crucial feature of scientific hypotheses. Any theory not falsifiable is said to be unscientific.

falsifiable; → -ity.

falsifiable
  زیفیدنی، زیفش‌پذیر   
zifidani, zifešpazir

Fr.: falsifiable   

The quality of something that can be falsified. → falsifiability.

falsify; → -able.

falsify
  زیفیدن   
zifidan

Fr.: falsifier   

1) To show or prove that a theory is incorrect or false.
2) To alter something in order to deceive.

Verb from → false.

falsity
  زیفی   
zifi

Fr.:   

The quality or condition of being → false. Opposite of → truth.

false; → -ity.

family
  خانواده   
xânevâdé (#)

Fr.: famille   

A group of entities with similar properties and common origin. → family of curves, → family of distributions, → family of sets, → comet family.

From L. familia "household, the slaves of a household," from famulus "servant," of unknown origin.

Xânevâdé "family," from xâné "house, home, houshold" + vâdé "root, foundation, origin." Xâné, from Mid.Pers. xânak, xân, xôn; cf. L. cunae "cradle;" Gk. kome "village;" Pers. Aftari dialect kiye "house, home;" PIE base *kei- "bed; to lie, to settle; beloved" (other cognates: P.Gmc. *khaim-; O.E. ham "dwelling, house, village;" E. home; Ger. Heim; L. civis "townsman;" Fr. cité; E. city; Skt. śiva- "auspicious, dear").

family of curves
  خانواده‌ی ِ خمها   
xânevâde-ye xamhâ

Fr.: famille de courbes   

A set of similar curves which are distinguished by the values taken by one or more parameters in their general equation. For example, the general solution of a differential equation is represented by a family of curves.

family; → curve.

family of distributions
  خانواده‌ی ِ واباژش‌ها   
xânevâde-ye vâbâžešhâ

Fr.: famille de distributions   

A set of distributions which have the same general mathematical → formula.

family; → distribution.

family of sets
  خانواده‌ی ِ هنگردها   
xânevâde-ye hangardhâ

Fr.: famille de comètes   

A → collection of → subsets of a set.

family; → set.

fan
  بادزن   
bâdzan (#)

Fr.: évantail   

In 3D → magnetic reconnection models of solar plasma, a plane or curve surface composed of magnetic field lines emanating from the → magnetic null point (almost radially in the absence of electric currents and spirally if electric currents are present). See also → spine (Lau & Finn. 1990, ApJ 350, 672; Parnell et al. 1996, Physics of Plasmas 3, 759).

M.E., from O.E. fann, from L. vannus "a basket or shovel for winnowing grain," related to ventus, → wind.

Bâdzan "fan, ventilator," from bâd, → wind + zan from zadan "to strike, beat; to play an instrument; to do" (Mid.Pers. zatan, žatan; O.Pers./Av. jan-, gan- "to strike, hit, smite, kill" (jantar- "smiter"); cf. Skt. han- "to strike, beat" (hantar- "smiter, killer"); Gk. theinein "to strike;" L. fendere "to strike, push;" Gmc. *gundjo "war, battle;" PIE *gwhen- "to strike, kill").

Fanaroff-Riley Class I (FR-I)
  رده‌ی ِ فاناروف-رایلی I   
rade-ye Fanarof-Riley I

Fr.: Fanaroff-Riley de type I   

In the → Fanaroff-Riley classification, sources with RFR < 0.5. Fanaroff and Riley (1974) found that nearly all sources with luminosity L(178MHz) ≤ 2 × 1025h100-2 W Hz-1 sr-1 were of class I. FR-I → radio jets are thought to be → subsonic, possibly due to mass entrainment, which makes them amenable to distortions in the interaction with the ambient medium.

Fanaroff-Riley classification; → class.

Fanaroff-Riley Class II (FR-II)
  رده‌ی ِ فاناروف-رایلی II   
radeh-ye Fanarof-Riley II

Fr.: Fanaroff-Riley de type II   

In the → Fanaroff-Riley classification, → radio sources with hotspots in their lobes at distances from the center which are such that RFR > 0.5. The → radio jets in FR-II sources are expected to be highly → supersonic, allowing them to travel large distances.

Fanaroff-Riley classification; → class.

Fanaroff-Riley classification
  رده‌بندی ِ فاناروف-رایلی   
radebandi-ye Fanaroff-Riley

Fr.: classification Fanaroff-Riley   

A classification scheme for distinguishing a → radio galaxy from an → active galaxy based on their → radio frequency  and → luminosity and their kpc-scale appearance. Analyzing a sample of 57 radio galaxies from the → 3CR catalogue, which were clearly resolved at 1.4 GHz or 5 GHz, Fanaroff & Riley (1974) discovered that the relative positions of regions of high and low → surface brightness in the → lobes of extragalactic → radio sources are correlated with their radio luminosity. They divided the sample into two classes using the ratio RFR of the distance between the regions of highest surface brightness on opposite sides of the central galaxy or quasar, to the total extent of the source up to the lowest brightness contour in the map. → Fanaroff-Riley Class I (FR-I) , → Fanaroff-Riley Class II (FR-II). The boundary between the two classes is not very sharp, and there is some overlap in the luminosities of sources classified as FR-I or FR-II on the basis of their structures. The physical cause of the FR-I/II dichotomy probably lies in the type of flow in the → radio jets.

Bernard L. Fanaroff and Julia M. Riley, 1974, MNRAS 167, 31P; → classification.

far
  دور   
dur (#)

Fr.: loin, lointain   

Being at a great distance; remote in time or place.

O.E. feorr "to a great distance, long ago," from P.Gmc. *ferro (cf. Du. ver, Ger. fern), from PIE *per- "through, across, beyond" (cf. O.Pers. para "on the other side (of);" Av. parə "beyond, more than, superior," parô "except," pərətu- "crossing, bridge;" Mod.Pers. pol "bridge;" Skt. parás "far, further, beyond," Gk. pera "across, beyond," L. per "through").

Dur, from Mid.Pers. dūr "far, distant, remote;" O.Pers. dūra- "far (in time or space)," dūraiy "afar, far away, far and wide;" Av. dūra-, dūirē "far," from dav- "to move away;" cf. Skt. dūrá- "far; distance (in space and time);" PIE base *deu- "to move forward, pass;" cf. Gk. den "for a long time," deros "lasting long."

far infrared
  فروسرخ ِ دور   
forusorx-e dur (#)

Fr.: infrarouge lointain   

Infrared radiation in the wavelength range (25-40) to (200-350) microns emitted by cold molecular/dust clouds.

far; → infrared.

far ultraviolet (FUV)
  فرابنفش ِ دور   
farâbanafš-e dur (#)

Fr.: ultraviolet lointain   

Ultraviolet radiation in the wavelength range 912-2000 Å. See also → extreme ultraviolet.

far; → ultraviolet.

far-infrared
  فروسرخ ِ دور   
forusorx-e dur (#)

Fr.: infrarouge lointain   

The portion of the → electromagnetic radiation in the wavelength range between about 30 and 300 → microns. See also: → infrared radiation, → near-infrared, → mid-infrared, → submillimeter radiation.

far; → infrared.

farad
  فاراد   
farad (#)

Fr.: farad   

The → SI unit of → capacitance, defined as the capacitance of a conductor whose → potential increases by one → volt when a charge of 1 → coulomb is imparted to it; symbol F.

Named after the British physicist Michael Faraday (1791-1867), who made several major contributions to the fields of electricity and magnetism.

Faraday cage
  قفس ِ فارادی   
qafas-e Faraday

Fr.: cage de Faraday   

An enclosure made of conducting material, such as wire mesh or metal plates, that shields what it contains from external electric fields. According to → Gauss's theorem, the electric field inside a hollow conductor is nil. In order to demonstrate this, Faraday, in 1836, made a large box covered with wire mesh, and went inside it himself with an → electroscope. Powerful charges were applied to the outside of the box, but he detected no effect inside the cage.

farad; → cage.

Faraday effect
  اسکر ِ فارادی   
oskar-e Faraday

Fr.: effet Faraday   

Same as → Faraday rotation.

farad; → effect.

Faraday rotation
  چرخش ِ فارادی   
carxeš-e Faraday (#)

Fr.: rotation Faraday   

The rotation of the plane of → polarization experienced by a beam of → linearly polarized radiation when the radiation passes through a material containing a magnetic field with a component in the direction of propagation. This effect occurs in → H II regions in which a magnetic field causes a change in the polarized waves passing through. Same as → Faraday effect.

farad; → rotation.


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