An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
English-French-Persian

فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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Number of Results: 1381
superbubble
  اَبَر-تنگل   
abar-tangol

Fr.: superbulle   

A cavity hundreds of light-years across filled with a hot gas blown into the interstellar medium by multiple supernovae and stellar winds. Examples are the Local Bubble in the Orion Arm of the Milky Way and the N44 Superbubble in the Large Magellanic Cloud.

super-; → bubble

supercluster
  اَبَر-خوشه   
abar-xušé

Fr.: superamas   

1) An aggregation of clusters of galaxies (→ galaxy cluster). Superclusters are typically about one hundred million (108) → light-years in diameter and contain tens of thousands of galaxies. Some examples are the → Local Supercluster, → Centaurus supercluster, → Laniakea supercluster, → Perseus-Pisces superclusterShapley superclusterVirgo supercluster.
2) For stellar aggregations, → dynamical stream.

super-; → cluster

superclustering
  اَبَر-خوشه بندی   
abar-xuše bandi

Fr.:   

Grouping of galaxies in supercluster structure.

super-; → clustering

superconductivity
  اَبَر-هازندگی   
abar-hâzandegi

Fr.: superconductivité   

The phenomenon in which certain materials, when cooled to a sufficiently low temperature, lose all resistance to the flow of electricity.

super-; → conductivity

superconductor
  اَبَر-هازنده   
abar-hâzandé

Fr.: superconducteur   

A material which shows almost perfect conductivity at temperatures approaching absolute zero.

super-; → conductor.

supercooling
  اَبَر-سردش   
abar-sardeš

Fr.: surfusion   

The process by which a liquid or a gas is cooled below the temperature at which a → phase transition should occur. For example, water can be cooled well below the → freezing point without freezing (as often happens in the upper atmosphere). The introduction of an → impurity or surface can trigger freezing.

super-; → cooling.

supercritical
  ابر-پرژنی   
abar-paržani

Fr.: supercritique   

1) Thermodynamics: Describing a condition in which a substance has a temperature or pressure above its critical value of temperature or pressure.
2) Nuclear physics: Of or relating to an arrangement of → fissile material where more neutrons are being produced than are wasted and escape.

super-; → critical.

supercritical fluid
  شاره‌ی ِ ابر-پرژنی   
šârre-ye abar-paržani

Fr.: fluide supercritique   

A fluid that is at a temperature and pressure above its thermodynamic critical point. In these conditions the substance acquires unique characteristics of density and mobility. Supercritical fluids exist deep inside some planets; for example, there is supercritical water deep inside the Earth.

supercritical; → fluid.

superfluid
  اَبَر-شاره   
abar-šâré

Fr.: superfluide   

A → fluid that exhibits frictionless flow, very high heat → conductivity, and other unusual physical properties. For example, → liquid helium at the temperature about 2.17 K (→ lambda point) becomes a zero → viscosity fluid which will move rapidly through any pore in the apparatus. See also → helium II.

super-; → fluid

superfluidity
  اَبَر-شارگی   
abar-šâregi

Fr.: superfluidité   

The phenomenon occurring in → liquid helium (→ helium I) cooled below the → lambda point temperature of 2.17 K, whereby it flows freely with no measurable → friction and → viscosity.

super-; → fluidity.

supergalactic
  ابرکهکشانی   
abarkahkašâni

Fr.: supergalactique   

Of or pertaining to a system composed of nearby groups and clusters of galaxies in the → local Universe. Se also → galaxy cluster.

super-; → galactic.

supergalactic coordinate system
  راژمان ِ هماراهای ابرکهکشانی   
râžmân-e hamârâhâ-ye abarkahkašâni

Fr.: système des coordonnées supergalactiques   

A spherical → coordinate system in which the → equator is the → supergalactic plane. Supergalactic longitude, SGL, is measured → counterclockwise from direction l = 137.37 deg, b = 0 deg (between 0 and 360 deg). The zero point for supergalactic longitude is defined by the intersection of this plane with the → Galactic plane. In the → equatorial coordinate system (J2000) this is approximately 2.82 h, +59.5 deg. Supergalactic latitude, SGB, is measured from the supergalactic plane, positive northward and negative southward. The North Supergalactic Pole (SGB=90 deg) lies at galactic coordinates l = 47.37 deg, b = +6.32 degrees, corresponding to the equatorial coordinate system (J2000) 18.9 h, +15.7 deg.

supergalactic; → coordinate; → system.

supergalactic latitude
  ورونای ِ ابرکهکشانی   
varunâ-ye abarkahkašâni

Fr.: latitude supergalactique   

supergalactic coordinate system.

supergalactic; → latitude.

supergalactic longitude
  درژنای ِ ابرکهکشانی   
derežnâ-ye abarkahkašâni

Fr.: longitude supergalactique   

supergalactic coordinate system.

supergalactic; → longitude.

supergalactic plane
  هامن ِ ابرکهکشانی   
hâmon-e abarkahkašâni

Fr.: plan supergalactique   

The symmetry plane of the → Local Supercluster, where density of galaxies in our environment is the largest. The plane passes through the → Virgo cluster of galaxies, about which many of the brightest galaxies in the sky are concentrated. The supergalactic plane was recognized by Gérard de Vaucouleurs (1918-1995) in 1953 from the  → Shapley-Ames catalogue.

supergalactic; → plane.

supergiant
  اَبَر-غول   
abar-qul

Fr.: supergéante   

A star with maximum intrinsic brightness and low density. The radius of a supergiant can be as large as 1000 times that of the Sun. See also → blue supergiant; → red supergiant; → yellow supergiant.

super-; → giant

supergiant B[e] star (sgB[e])
     
setâre-ye B[e]-ye abarqul

Fr.: étoile B[e] supergéante   

A highly luminous → B[e] star with a luminosity greater than 104L_sun. A number of such objects exist in the → Magellanic Clouds, e.g. LMC R126, R66, SMC R4, and R50. A likely example in our Galaxy is MWC 300.

supergiant; → B[e] star.

supergranulation cell
  یاخته‌ی ِ اَبَر-دانه‌بندی   
yâxte-ye abar-dâne-bandi

Fr.: cellule de supergranulation   

One of a number of large convective cells (about 15,000-30,000 km in diameter) in the solar photosphere, distributed fairly uniformly over the solar disk, that last longer than a day.

super-; → granulation; → cell.

superheated vapor
  بخار ِ اَبَر-گرمیده   
boxâr-e abar-garmidé

Fr.: vapeur surchauffée   

A vapor that has been heated above its boiling point temperature corresponding to the pressure.

super-; → heat; → vapor.

superheating
  اَبَر-گرمش، اَبَر-گرمایش   
abar-garmeš, abar-garmâyeš

Fr.: surchauffe   

The process in which a liquid is heated to a temperature higher than its boiling point, without boiling. Superheating is achieved by heating a homogeneous substance in a clean container, free of nucleation sites.

super-; → heating.


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