An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
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فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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Number of Results: 12 Search : coupling
coupling
  جفسری، جفتش   
jafsari, jofteš

Fr.: couplage   

The act of linking together or forming couples; a connection between two things so they move together.
The quality of coupled systems or the way they are coupled.

Noun from → couple; → -ing.

coupling coefficient
  همگر ِ جفسری   
hamgar-e jafsari

Fr.: coefficient de couplage   

A parameter that indicates the strength of the interaction between two systems.

coupling; → coefficient.

coupling constant
  پایای ِ جفسری   
pâyâ-ye jafsari

Fr.: constante de couplage   

In nuclear physics, a constant that indicates a measure of how strongly two particles interact.

coupling; → constant.

decoupling
  واجفسری، واجفتش   
vâjafsari, vâjofteš

Fr.: découplage   

Cosmology: In the early history of the Universe, separation of matter and radiation due to their non-interaction. At a redshift of 1000, that is about 400,000 years after the Big Bang, the temperature would have cooled to the point (4000 degrees Kelvin) where electrons and nuclei can recombine and form neutral hydrogen atoms. Since atoms do not scatter the radiation appreciably, free electrons were lacking, and the Universe became transparent to radiation. Same as → recombination. See also → decoupling era.

Verbal noun of decouple, from → de- + → couple + → -ing.

decoupling era
  دوران ِ واجفسری، ~ واجفتش   
dowrân-e vâjafsari, ~ vâjofteš

Fr.: époque du découplage   

The era some 400,000 years after the → Big Bang, when the cosmic → blackbody radiation was last scattered by the matter. → decoupling. Same as → recombination era and → last scattering epoch.

decoupling; → era.

electromagnetic coupling constant
  پایای ِ جفسری ِ برقامغناتی   
pâyâ-ye jafsari-ye barqâmeqnâti

Fr.: constante de couplage electromagnétique   

Same as → fine-structure constant.

electromagnetic; → coupling; → constant.

gravitational coupling constant
  پایای ِ جفسری ِ گرانشی   
pâyâ-ye jafsari-ye gerâneši

Fr.: constante de couplage gravitationnel   

The dimensionless gravitational constant defined as the gravitational attraction between pair of electrons and normally given by: αG = (Gme2) / (ħc) = (me / mP)2 ~ 1.7518 × 10-45, where ħ is → Planck's reduced constant, c the → speed of light, me is the → electron mass, and mP is the → Planck mass.

gravitational; → coupling; → constant.

jj coupling
  جفتش ِ jj، جفسری ِ ~   
jofteš-e jj, jafsari-ye ~

Fr.: couplage jj   

A coupling scheme of electronic → spin angular momenta and → orbital angular momenta for heavy atoms (generally Z > 30), where the spin and orbital angular momenta of individual electrons couple strongly, and therefore the → LS coupling scheme does not apply. The coupling between spin and orbital angular momentum of each electron is much stronger than the coupling between different electrons. Therefore, the total angular momentum, ji, for the i-th electron is obtained by combining li and si and then coupling these j's together to give the total angular momentum J = Σi ji. In the jj coupling scheme the total orbital angular momentum quantum number, L, and the total spin angular momentum number, S, are not specified.

j referring to the symbol of the total angular momentum for individual electrons; → coupling.

LS coupling
  جفتش ِ LS، جفسری ِ ~   
jofteš-e LS, jafsari-ye ~

Fr.: couplage LS   

Same as → Russell-Saunders coupling.

L referring to the total → orbital angular momentum and S to the total → spin angular momentum; → coupling.

Russell-Saunders coupling
  جفتش ِ راسل-ساندرز، جفسری ِ ~   
jofteš-e Russell-Saunders, jafsari-ye ~

Fr.: couplage Russell-Saunders   

A coupling scheme of → electron configuration, used mainly for the lighter atoms with → atomic number less than 30. In an atom when changes in energy states are produced by the action of two or more electrons, the value of the total angular momentum of these electrons results from the coupling between the total → orbital angular momenta of the electrons and the total → spin angular momenta of the electrons. In this scheme the orbital angular momenta and spin angular momenta of electrons are added separately to give the total angular momentum L = Σi li and the total electron spin angular momentum S = Σi si. These are then added to give J = L + S. Also called → LS coupling. See also → jj coupling.

After Henry Norris Russell (1877-1957) and Frederick Albert Saunders (1875-1963), American astronomers (1925, ApJ 61, 38); → coupling.

spin-orbit coupling
  جفسری ِ اسپین-مدار، جفتش ِ ~   
jafsari-ye espin-madâr, jofteš-e ~

Fr.: couplage spin-orbite   

1) Astro.: A relationship between the orbital period of one body around another and its rotational period on its axis. The relationship results from tidal forces between the two bodies. For example, the rotation period of the Moon equals its revolution period around the Earth.
2) Quantum mechanics: The interaction between a particle's → spin angular momentum and its → orbital angular momentum.

spin; → orbit; → coupling.

tidal coupling
  جفسری ِ کشندی، جفتش ِ ~   
jafsari-ye kešandi, jofteš-e

Fr.: couplage par marées   

In a system composed of one celestial body orbiting another, the synchronization of the orbital and rotational motions of the two bodies under the action of → tidal forces. For example, Pluto is tidally coupled to its moon Charon. As for the → Earth-Moon system, billions of years from now, the Earth and the Moon will have the same period of rotation, and these will also exactly equal the orbital period of the Moon around the Earth. → tidal friction.

tidal; → coupling.