An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
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فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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Number of Results: 17 Search : dual
dual
  دوگانه   
dogâné (#)

Fr.: double   

Of, pertaining to, or noting two; having a twofold, or double, character or nature.

From L. dualis, from duo "two."

Dogâné, from do "two," cognate with duo + -gân plurality suffix + nuance suffix.

dual supermassive black hole
  سیه‌چال ِ ابر-پرجرم ِ دوگانه   
siyah-câl-e abar-porjerm-e dogâné

Fr.: trou noir supermassif double   

The outcome of a → merger process between two galaxies, each with its own central → supermassive black hole (SMBH), resulting in a remnant galaxy hosting two SMBHs. Simulations of → galaxy mergers show there should be lots of dual → active galactic nuclei (AGN) visible at less than 10 kpc separations. As of 2015 more than 100 known dual supermassive black holes have been found. See also → binary supermassive black hole.

dual; → supermassive; → black; → hole.

dualism
  دوگانه‌باوری، دوگانه‌گرایی، دوگانگی   
dogânebâvari, dogânegerâyi, dogânegi

Fr.: dualisme   

1) Philo.: The doctrine, as opposed to idealism and materialism, that reality consists of two basic types of substance usually taken to be mind and matter or two basic types of entity, mental and physical.
2) The state of being twofold or double. → dualism, → pluralism (Dictionary.com).

dual; → -ism.

duality
  دوگانگی   
dogânegi (#)

Fr.: dualité   

The quality or character of being twofold, as the → wave-particle duality.

M.E dualitie, from L.L. dualitas.

Dogânegi, from dogânag + -i.

gradual
  پداکوار، پای‌پایه   
padâkvâr, pâypâyé

Fr.: graduel   

Proceeding, taking place, changing by small degrees.

From M.L. gradualis, from L. gradus "step."

Padâkvâr, from padâk "grade," + -vâr a suffix which denotes "suiting, befitting, resembling, in the manner of, possession."
Pâypâyé "step by step," from pây, pâ "foot, step," → foot.

gradual burst
  بلک ِ پداکوار، ~ پای‌پایه   
belk-e padâkvâr, ~ pâypâyé

Fr.: sursaut graduel   

A burst that happens gradually, in contrast to a sudden burst.

gradual; → burst.

individual
  تکال   
takâl

Fr.: 1) individu; 2) individuel   

1a) A single human being, as distinguished from a group (Dictionary.com).
1b) A distinct, indivisible entity; a single thing, being, instance, or item (Dictionary.com).
1c) Logic: An → object or element taken as the → subject of the → predicates of → first-order logic.
2) Of, pertaining to, or characteristic of a particular person or thing. → individual constant, → individual variable.

M.E., from M.L. individualis, from L. individuus "indivisible," from → in- "not, opposite of" + dividuus "divisible," from dividere, → divide.

Takâl, from tak, → single, + suffix -âl, → -al; takâli with adj. suffix -i.

individual constant
  پایای ِ تکال   
pâyâ-ye takâl

Fr.: constant individuel   

In predicate logic: A → word or → expression that represents a → specific  → individual or → object. A single object can be denoted by multiple individual constants, reflecting the fact that objects can have multiple names. On the other hand, any individual constant can only denote one object. Individual constants are represented by lower case letters from the beginning of the alphabet: a, b, c.

individual; → constant.

individual variable
  ورتنده‌ی ِ تکال   
vartande-ye takâl

Fr.: variable individuel   

In → predicate logic, a variable which represents an unspecified → subject. Individual variables work just as do variables in algebra, they stand in for a value, but have no fixed value of their own. They are represented by lower case letters taken from the end of the alphabet x, y, z; and if additional variables are needed by u, v, w, as well.

individual; → variable.

individualism
  تکالگرایی   
takâlgerâyi

Fr.: individualisme   

1) A social theory advocating the liberty, rights, or independent action of the individual (Dictionary.com).
2) An individual peculiarity.

individual; → -ism.

individualist
  تکالگرا   
takâlgerâ

Fr.: individualiste   

1) A person who shows great independence or individuality in thought or action (Dictionary.com).
2) An advocate of → individualism (Dictionary.com).

individual; → -ist.

individuality
  تکالی   
takâli

Fr.: individualité   

The particular character, or aggregate of qualities, that distinguishes one person or thing from others (Dictionary.com).

individual; → -ity.

individualization
  تکالش   
takâleš

Fr.: individualisation   

The process or state of discriminating the individual from the generic group or species.

individualize; → -tion.

individualize
  تکالیدن   
takâlidan

Fr.: individualiser   

To make individual or distinctive; give an individual or distinctive character to (Dictionary.com).

individual; → -ize.

residual
  مونکی   
munaki

Fr.: résiduel   

Of, relating to, or remaining as a residue; leftover.

residue; → -al.

residual field
  میدان ِ موندکی   
meydân-e mundaki

Fr.: champ résiduel   

The magnetic field left in an iron core after excitation has been removed.

residual; → field.

wave-particle duality
  دوگانگی ِ موج-ذره   
dogânegi-ye mowj-zarré

Fr.: dualité onde-particule   

The principle admitted in → quantum mechanics that all particles have a wave-like nature and that waves have a particle aspect. The wave-particle duality is of fundamental importance in obtaining a realistic picture of the → elementary particles.
See also: → particle nature, → wave nature, → de Broglie hypothesis, → Davisson-Germer experiment.

wave; → particle; → duality.