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curvature of space-time xamidegi-ye fazâ-zamân (#) Fr.: courbure de l'espace-temps According to → general relativity, → space-time is curved by the presence of → matter. The curvature is described in terms of → Riemann's geometry. In → cosmological models three types of curvature are considered: positive (spherical, → closed Universe), zero (Euclidean, → flat Universe), and negative (hyperbolic, → open Universe). See also → curvature constant. → curvature; → space-time. |
curve xam (#) Fr.: courbe A line that deviates from straightness in a smooth, continuous fashion. A line representing a variable on a graph. From L. curvus "crooked, curved, bent;" cf. Av. skarəna- "round," Gk. kirkos, krikos "a ring;" PIE base *sker- "to turn, bend." Xam, variant kamân "arc," Mid.Pers. kamân, probably from PIE *kamb- "to bend, crook," cf. Breton kamm "curved, bent." |
curve fitting saz-e xam, sazkard-e ~ Fr.: ajustement de courbe Construction of mathematical functions whose graphs are curves that "best" approximate a given collection of data points. |
curve of growth xam-e ruyeš Fr.: courbe de croissance A plot showing how the → equivalent width of an → absorption line, or the radiance of an → emission line, increases as a → function of the → number of → atoms that produce the line. |
curved xamidé (#) Fr.: courbé Not straight. Adj. from → curve. |
curvilinear xam-xatt Fr.: curviligne Consisting of, represented by, or bound by curved lines. → rectilinear. |
cusp tizé (#) Fr.: cuspide 1) General: Pointed end. A point of transition.
→ polar cusp. L. cuspis "point, spear, pointed end." Tizé, noun from tiz "sharp, pointed," from Mid.Pers. tēz, tēž, tigr "sharp," O.Pers. tigra- "pointed," Av. taēža-, tighra- "pointed," Skt. taējas- "the sharp edge (of a knife), piercing (flame)", from tij- "to be sharp, to pierce," Gk. stizein "to prick, puncture," stigma "mark made by a pointed instrument," L. instigare "to goad," P.Gmc. *stik- "to pierce, prick, be sharp," O.H.G. stehhan, Ger. stechen "to prick," O.E. stician "to pierce, stab," E. stick "to pierce;" PIE *st(e)ig- "to stick; pointed". |
cusp problem parâse-ye tizé Fr.: problème des cuspides A problem encountered by the → cold dark matter (CDM) model of galaxy formation. The numerical simulations with CDM predict a large concentration of dark matter in the center of galaxies, with a peaked density distribution, in contrast to the real, observed galaxies. See also: → angular momentum catastrophe; → missing dwarfs. |
cut boridan (#) Fr.: couper To penetrate or divide something, as with a sharp-edged instrument. M.E. cutten, kytten, kitten; O.E. *cyttan, cognate with O.Swed. kotta "to cut;" O.N. kuti "little knife," or from O.Fr. couteau "knife." Boridan "to cut off;" Mid.Pers. brin-, britan, brinitan "to cut off," brin "cut, delimitation, determined;" Av. (pairi-) brī- "to shave, shear;" cf. Skt. bhrī- "to hurt, injure," bhrinanti "they hurt." |
cutoff boré Fr.: coupure 1) A designated limit beyond which the passage of something must be stopped. Boré, from bor- present stem of boridan "to → cut" + noun suffix -é. |
cutoff filter pâlâye-ye boré Fr.: filtre à coupure Filter rejecting all light with wavelengths on one side of the cutoff wavelength. |
cutoff voltage voltâž-e boré Fr.: tension de coupure The electrode voltage which reduces the value of a dependent variable, e.g. anode current, to a specified low value. |
cutoff wavelength mowj-tul-e boré Fr.: longueur d'onde de coupure Wavelength at which the transmittance of a filter, or the detectivity of a detector, has fallen to one-half its peak value. → cutoff; → wavelength. |
cyanide siyânur (#) Fr.: cyanure A chemical compound that contains the → cyano radical, -CN. Most cyanides are highly toxic. |
cyano radical râdikâl-e siyâno Fr.: radical cyano A diatomic chemical radical composed of carbon and nitrogen atoms. The triple bonds of C to H leave one electron available, which makes the CN radical very reactive. Organic molecules with the -CN group are potential sources of → prebiotic amino acids. Same as the → CN molecule. The CN radical was first identified by Gay-Lussac, who in 1815 published an extensive study of the derivatives of prussic acid (→ hydrogen cyanide). He showed that the cyano radical remained intact throughout a series of chemical transformations. Also called cyanogen radical. |
cyano- siyâno- (#) Fr.: cyano- 1) A combining form meaning "blue, dark blue," used in the formation of
compound words. Also cyan- before a vowel. From Gk. kyanos "dark blue, lapis lazuli," because of its presence in the Prussian blue, Fe7(CN)18, a dye which was first accidentally made around 1706, by heating substances containing iron and carbon and nitrogen. |
cyanogen siyânožen (#) Fr.: cyanogène 1) A colorless, very poisonous, flammable gas with a smell of bitter almonds.
Chemical formula: C2N2. It was discovered by
Louis Joseph Gay-Lussac (1778-1850) in 1848. |
cyanogen band bând-e siyânožen (#) Fr.: bande de cyanogène An → absorption band of molecular origin characterizing the spectra of → late-type stars (G0 and later, e.g. → S star). → Cyanogen absorption is an important → luminosity criterion for → low-mass stars, and is more pronounced in → giant stars than in → dwarf stars of the same → spectral type. |
cycle carx (#), carxé (#) Fr.: cycle 1) A sequence of changes that are repeated regularly, such as revolution, rotation,
vibration, oscillation, wave motion. From L.L. cyclus, from Gk. kyklos "circle, wheel," from PIE base *kw(e)-kwl-o- "wheel, circle," from *kwel- "to turn, move around, sojourn, dwell," (cf. Av. caxra- "wheel," caraiti "he moves, approaches;" Mod.Pers. carx "wheel;" Skt. cakra- "wheel, circle; cycle," carati "he moves, wanders;" Gk. polos "axis of a sphere," polein "move around;" L. colere "to dwell in, to cultivate, move around," colonus "farmer, settler;" O.E. hweol "wheel;" Rus. koleso "awheel"). Carx "every thing performing a circulatory motion; a wheel; a cart," Mid.Pers. chr "wheel," Parthian cxr "wheel," Ossetic, Khotanese calx "wheel," Av. caxra- "wheel," cognate with Gk. kyklos "circle, wheel," as above. Carxé from carx + nuance suffix -é. |
cyclic carxe-yi (#) Fr.: cyclique Of, pertaining to, or constituting a cycle or cycles. |
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