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electric intensity dartanuyi-e barqi (#) Fr.: intensité électrique The strength of an electric field at any point as measured by the force exerted upon a unit positive charge placed at that point. |
electric multipole basqotbe-ye barqi Fr.: multipôle électrique An electric → charge distribution consisting of more than four → positive and → negative → electric charges located at a small distance from each other. The multipole concept is an extension of the → electric quadrupole. For the generalized multipole characterized by the letter l, the potential at a distance r varies as 1/rl + 1 and the field intensity as 1/rl + 2. |
electric potential tavand-e barqi Fr.: potentiel électrique The amount of → work required to move a unit → electric charge from → infinity to a specific point against an → electric field. The → SI unit of electric potential is → joules per → coulomb, otherwise known as → volt. |
electric scalar potential tavand-e marpeli-ye barqi Fr.: potentiel électrique scalaire A potential φ defined so that the → electric field E is expressed by a combination of its → gradient and the variation of the → magnetic vector potential over time: E = -∇φ -∂A/∂t. |
electrical barqi (#) Fr.: électrique Of, relating to, or concerned with electricity; electric. |
electrical conductivity hâznadegi-e barqi Fr.: conductivité électrique A measure of a material's ability to conduct an electrical current. It is the reciprocal of the → resistivity. Conductivity is expressed by σ = ne2l/(2mv), where n is the number of electrons per cm3 volume of the → conductor, e is the → electron charge, l is the → mean free path, m is the → electron mass, and v is the arithmetic mean velocity of thermal motion of electrons at a given temperature. → electrical; → conductivity. |
electrical network turbast-e barqi Fr.: réseau électrique An arrangement of the various electrical energy sources with interconnected electrical devices. |
electricity barq (#) Fr.: électricité 1) The physical phenomena arising from the behavior of → electrons
and → protons that is caused by the → attraction
of particles with opposite → charges and the
→ repulsion of particles with the same charge. From L. electrum "amber," from Gk. elektron "amber" + -ity a suffix used to form abstract nouns expressing state or condition. Barq, Pers. term, used also in Ar. and Hebrew (barak "lightening"); variants in
Pers.: varq, barx, balk, belak, bala;
Lârestâni belak; Tabari, Lahijâni, Semnâni, Sorxeyi, Sangesari belk;
Gilaki val; Lori beleyz; Kurd. bilese;
Tokharian AB pâlk; Mid/Mod.Pers. bir "lightening,"
Mid.Pers. brâh "brilliance, splendour," br'z- "to shine, beam,"
Mod.Pers. barâz "beauty, grace, elegance;"
Av. brāz- "to shine, beam; splendour," brazāiti "shines;" cf.
Skt. bhrāj- "to shine, beam, sparkle," bhrajate "shines;"
Gk. phlegein "to burn;" L. fulgere "to shine," fulmen "lightning,"
flagrare "to blaze, burn;" O.H.G. beraht "bright;" O.E. beorht
"bright;" E. → bright;
PIE base *bherəg-; *bhrēg- "to shine; white." |
electro- barq-, barqâ- (#) Fr.: électro- A combining form denoting → electric or → electricity in compound words, such as → electrostatic, → electrodynamics, → electromagnetic. Also, before a vowel, electr-. From electr(ic) + -o-. Barq-, or barq + -â-, → electric. |
electrode elektrod (#) Fr.: électrode 1) A conductor by means of which a current passes into or out of a medium.
The positive electrode is called anode; the negative electrode is called
cathode. Coined by E. physicist and chemist Michael Faraday (1791-1867) from electro-, → electric, + Gk. hodos "way." |
electrodynamic barqâtavânik, barqâtavânâ Fr.: électrodynamique Referring to electrons in motion. |
electrodynamics barqâtavânik Fr.: électrodynamique The phenomena, science, and applications of moving electric charges, as contrasted with → electrostatics. More specifically, the branch of physics concerned with the → interaction of → electric currents with → magnetic fields and → electric fields or with other electric currents. |
electromagnet âhanrobâ-ye barqi (#) Fr.: électroaimant A temporary magnet made by coiling wire around an → iron core. When current flows in the coil, or → solenoid, the iron becomes a → magnet. The electromagnet acts as a magnet only so long as the current is flowing in the solenoid. |
electromagnetic barqâmeqnâti Fr.: électromagnétique Of or pertaining to electromagnetism or electromagnetic fields. |
electromagnetic counterpart hamtâ-ye barqâmeqnâti Fr.: contrpartie électromagnétique An → electromagnetic signal associated with the location on the sky and the time of a → gravitational wave event. The electromagnetic signal is predicted by models to be associated with the → merger of a → compact binary star system composed of two → neutron stars (NS) or a neutron star and a → black hole (BH). Accordingly, the gravitational waves are accompanied by a short-duration → gamma-ray burst (GRB) powered by the → accretion of material that remains in a → centrifugally supported → torus around the BH following the merger. NS-NS/BH-NS mergers are also predicted to be accompanied by a more isotropic counterpart, commonly known as a → kilonova. Kilonovae are day to week-long thermal, → supernova-like → transients, and are powered by the → radioactive decay of heavy, neutron-rich elements synthesized by the → r-process in the expanding merger ejecta (Li and Paczynski 1998). The first detection of an electromagnetic counterpart to gravitational waves belongs to → GW170817. → electromagnetic; → counterpart. |
electromagnetic field meydân-e barqâmeqnâti Fr.: champ électromagnétique A region of space consisting of coupled electric and magnetic lines of force at each point, generated by time-varying currents and accelerated charges. → electromagnetic; → field. |
electromagnetic force niru-ye barqâmeqnâti Fr.: force électromagnétique The fundamental force that is associated with electric and magnetic fields. One of the four fundamental forces of nature, it is carried by photons. → electromagnetic; → force. |
electromagnetic induction darhâzeš-e barqâmeqnâti Fr.: induction électromagnétique The production of an → electromotive force in a circuit caused by a variation in the magnetic flux through the circuit. If this variation is produced by a change in the current flowing in the circuit itself, it is called → self-induction. If due to the variation in a current in some other circuit, it is called mutual induction. See also → Faraday's law of induction. → electromagnetic; → induction. |
electromagnetic potential tavand-e barqâmeqnâti Fr.: potentiel électromagnétique The combination of both → electric scalar potential and → magnetic vector potential. → electromagnetic; → potential. |
electromagnetic radiation tâbeš-e barqâmeqnâti Fr.: rayonnement électromagnétique Radiation propagating in the form of an advancing wave in electric and magnetic fields. It includes radio waves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays. → electromagnetic; → radiation. |
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