An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
English-French-Persian

1) The first step or action of a matter; commencing move.
2) An introductory act or step; leading action.

From Fr. initiative, from L. initiatus, p.p. of initiare "to begin," from initium "a beginning," → initial.

Bongâm, from bon "basis; root; foundation; bottom," → fundamental, + gâm "step, pace," → egress.

1) General: To force into a passage, cavity, or tissue.
2) Math.: Verbal form related to → injection.

From L. injectus, p.p. of injicere "to throw in or on," from → in- "in" + -icere, combining form of jacere "to throw."

Daršândan, from darešândan, from dar-, → in, + ešândan, → eject.

1) General: The act of injecting. Something that is injected.
2) Physics: The process of introducing electrons or holes into a semiconductor so that their total number exceeds the number present at thermal equilibrium. → hole injection.
3) Math.: A one-to-one → mapping. In other words, a mapping from a → set A onto a set B such that for every element in B there is at the most an element in A.

Verbal noun of → inject.

Of or pertaining to a → injection.

Adj. related to → injection.

A small arm of the sea, a lake, or a river.

From → in- + let "to allow," M.E. leten, O.E. lætan; cognate with Du. laten, Ger. lassen, akin to Gk. ledein "to be weary", L. lassus "tired."

Šâxâbé, literally "branch of water," from šâx, → branch, + âb "sea, river, → water" + noun suffix -é.

Situated within or farther within; interior.

From O.E. inra, comparative of inne (adv.) "inside;" → in-.

Daruni, adj. of darun "in, into; within" (Mid.Pers. andarôn "inside," from andar, → inter-, + rôn "side, direction;" Av. ravan- "(course of a) river").

The central part of the → Earth's core, composed of solidified → iron and → nickel, and extending from a depth of about 5100 km to the center of the Earth, at 6360 km. Its radius is about 1/3 that of the whole core and is effectively decoupled from the → mantle due to the molten nature of the surrounding → outer core. The radius of the inner core is defined by a small increase in → compressional wave velocity at a radius of about 1200 km. Its density is about 12 g/cm³. The → temperature of the inner core has been estimated at 5000-7000 °C.

→ inner; → core.

A → near-Earth object whose → orbit lies always inside Earth's orbit.

→ inner; → Earth; → object.

One of the five → Lagrangian points, denoted L1, which lies between the two bodies on the line passing through their center of mass. In a → close binary star system mass transfer occurs through this point.

→ inner; → Lagrangian points.

A → Lindblad resonance expressed by: Ω_p = Ω - κ/m.

→ inner; → Lindblad resonance.

The planets Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars collectively. T hey are also known as the terrestrial planets.

→ inner; → planet.

The smallest → circular orbit in which a particle can stably orbit a → black hole according to → general relativity without the risk of falling past the → event horizon. In other words, the ISCO is the inner edge of the → accretion disk around a black hole. Therefore, characteristics of accretion disks depend on ISCO. The radius of ISCO is calculated to be three times the → Schwarzschild radius (3 R_Sch). ISCO is closer to event horizon for rotating black hole.

→ inner; → stable; → circular; → orbit.

A dynamical model developed in France since 2003 which calculates the motion of → Solar System bodies with the highest accuracy. It integrates data obtained by NASA and ESA space missions. See, for example, A. Fienga et al. 2011, arXiv:1108.5546.

INPOP, short for Intégration Numérique Planétaire de l'Observatoire de Paris; → ephemerides.

1) The current, voltage, or driving force applied to an electric or electronic circuit or device.
2) Computers: Data which is transferred from outer external storage elements to the internal storage of a computer. → output.

From → in- + put, from M.E. put(t)en "to push, thrust, put;" O.E. *putian.

Darundâd, from darun "in" → in-, → intra-, + dâd "given," p.p. of dâdan "to give" (Mid.Pers. dâdan "to give," O.Pers./Av. dā- "to give, grant, yield," akin to L. data, → datum).

A catalog based on a pre-defined list of objects prepared for new observations, mainly using → space telescopes. → Ecliptic Plane Input Catalogue.

→ input; → catalog.

1) To mark with words, characters, etc., especially in a durable or conspicuous way.
2) Geometry: To draw within another figure so that the inner lies entirely within the boundary of the outer, touching it at as many points as possible: e.g. to inscribe a circle in a square.

From L. inscribere, from → in- + scribere "to write," from PIE *skreibh- (cf. Gk. skariphasthai "to scratch an outline, sketch;" Lett. skripat "scratch, write;" 0 O.N. hrifa "scratch"); PIE base *sker- "cut, incise."

Darveštan, darvisidan (on the model of neveštan, nevisidan "to write"), from dar-, → in-, + vešt-, vis- (see below) + -idan infinitive suffix. Vešt-, vis- from Mid.Pers. bišt-, bis- (nibištan, nibes- "to write"), from O.Pers. pais- "to adorn, cut, engrave," Av. paēs- "to paint, adorn," paēsa- "adornment," Mid.Pers. pēsīdan "to adorn;" cf. Skt. piśáti "adorns; cuts;" Gk. poikilos "multicolored;" L. pingit "embroiders, paints;" O.C.S. pisati "to write;" O.H.G. fēh "multicolored;" Lith. piēšti "to draw, adorn;" PIE base *peik- "colored, speckled."

An angle whose vertex lies on a circle and whose sides are chords of the circle.

Inscribed p.p. of → inscribe; → angle.

Not secure; exposed or liable to risk, loss, or danger.

→ in-; → security.

The quality or state of being insecure; something insecure.

→ in-; → security.

Biology: To inject → semen into the reproductive tract a female animal or plant by artificial means.

From L. inseminatus, p.p. of inseminare "to sow, implant," from → in- + → semen "seed."

daršosaridan, from dar-, → in-, + šosar, → semen, + -idan suffix of infinitives.