An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
English-French-Persian

The planets Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars collectively. T hey are also known as the terrestrial planets.

→ inner; → planet.

A dynamical model developed in France since 2003 which calculates the motion of → Solar System bodies with the highest accuracy. It integrates data obtained by NASA and ESA space missions. See, for example, A. Fienga et al. 2011, arXiv:1108.5546.

INPOP, short for Intégration Numérique Planétaire de l'Observatoire de Paris; → ephemerides.

1) The current, voltage, or driving force applied to an electric or electronic circuit or device.
2) Computers: Data which is transferred from outer external storage elements to the internal storage of a computer. → output.

From → in- + put, from M.E. put(t)en "to push, thrust, put;" O.E. *putian.

Dardâd, darundâd, from dar-, darun "in" → in-, → intra- + dâd "given," p.p. of dâdan "to give" (Mid.Pers. dâdan "to give," O.Pers./Av. dā- "to give, grant, yield," akin to L. data, → datum).

A catalog based on a pre-defined list of objects prepared for new observations, mainly using → space telescopes. → Ecliptic Plane Input Catalogue.

→ input; → catalog.

1) To mark with words, characters, etc., especially in a durable or conspicuous way.
2) Geometry: To draw within another figure so that the inner lies entirely within the boundary of the outer, touching it at as many points as possible: e.g. to inscribe a circle in a square.

From L. inscribere, from → in- + scribere "to write," from PIE *skreibh- (cf. Gk. skariphasthai "to scratch an outline, sketch;" Lett. skripat "scratch, write;" 0 O.N. hrifa "scratch"); PIE base *sker- "cut, incise."

Darveštan, darvisidan (on the model of neveštan, nevisidan "to write"), from dar-, → in-, + vešt-, vis- (see below) + -idan infinitive suffix. Vešt-, vis- from Mid.Pers. bišt-, bis- (nibištan, nibes- "to write"), from O.Pers. pais- "to adorn, cut, engrave," Av. paēs- "to paint, adorn," paēsa- "adornment," Mid.Pers. pēsīdan "to adorn;" cf. Skt. piśáti "adorns; cuts;" Gk. poikilos "multicolored;" L. pingit "embroiders, paints;" O.C.S. pisati "to write;" O.H.G. fēh "multicolored;" Lith. piēšti "to draw, adorn;" PIE base *peik- "colored, speckled."

An angle whose vertex lies on a circle and whose sides are chords of the circle.

Inscribed p.p. of → inscribe; → angle.

Not secure; exposed or liable to risk, loss, or danger.

→ in-; → security.

The quality or state of being insecure; something insecure.

→ in-; → security.

Biology: To inject → semen into the reproductive tract a female animal or plant by artificial means.

From L. inseminatus, p.p. of inseminare "to sow, implant," from → in- + → semen "seed."

daršosaridan, from dar-, → in-, + šosar, → semen, + -idan suffix of infinitives.

The act or process of inseminating.

Verbal noun of → inseminate; → -tion.

A NASA lander designed to study the interior of the planet Mars. It will be a stationary mission, in contrast to NASA's famous Opportunity, Spirit and Curiosity rovers. Staying in place is necessary for its major science goals, which include learning more about the Martian composition, and how tectonically active the red planet is. InSight launched toward Mars on May 5, 2018, landed on Nov. 26, 2018, at the Martian Elysium Planitia, an equatorial zone just south of an ancient volcanic area. InSight will send back data about Mars' interior for about 1 Mars year, or 728 Earth-days. The lander uses sophisticated instruments, to delve deep beneath the surface and seek the fingerprints of the processes that formed the terrestrial planets. It does so by carrying out → seismology, heat flow measurements, and precision tracking.

InSight, short for Interior Exploration using Seismic Investigations, Geodesy and Heat Transport; → mission.

To be firm in a demand or course; refuse to yield (Dictionary.com).

L. insistere "stand upon, dwell upon," from → in- "upon" + sistere "take a stand," → resist.

Daristâdan "to insist" (Dehxodâ), from dar-, → in-, + istâdan "to stand," → resist.

The act or fact of insisting; the quality of being insistent.

Verbal noun of → insist.

Earnest or emphatic in dwelling upon, maintaining, or demanding something; persistent; pertinacious (Dictionary.com).

Adjective from → insist.

The amount of radiative energy received from the Sun per unit area per unit time.

Insolation, from L. insolatus p.p. of insolare "to place in the sun," from → in- + sol, → sun, + -ation a suffix denoting action or condition.

Xortâbgiri, from xor "sun," cognate with L. sol→ sun + tâb "light; heat, warmth; illuminating," from tâbidan, tâftan "to shine," tafsidan "to become hot" (Av. tāp-, taf- "to warm up, heat," tafsat "became hot," tāpaiieiti "to create warmth;" cf. Skt. tap- "to spoil, injure, damage; to suffer; to heat, be/become hot," tapati "burns;" L. tepere "to be warm," tepidus "warm;" PIE base *tep- "warm") + giri verbal noun of gereftan "to take, seize" (Mid.Pers. griftan, Av./O.Pers. grab- "to take, seize," cf. Skt. grah-, grabh- "to seize, take," graha "seizing, holding, perceiving," M.L.G. grabben "to grab," from P.Gmc. *grab, E. grab "to take or grasp suddenly;" PIE base *ghrebh- "to seize").

1) To look carefully at or over; view closely and critically.
2) To view or examine formally or officially (Dictionary.com).

From L. inspectus, p.p. of inspicere "to look into," from → in- + specere "to look," → -scope.

Dargâsidan, from dar-, → in-, + gâsidan "to look," → speculate.

1) The act of inspecting or viewing, especially carefully or critically.
2) Formal or official viewing or examination (Dictionary.com).

Verbal noun of → inspect.

The inward spiraling of an orbiting → black hole toward a central → supermassive black hole (SMBH) as it radiates → gravitational wave. As a result, the orbit decays, and the orbital period decreases, leading to the → merging of both black holes as they get close enough. Once merged, the single hole goes through a stage called → ringdown.

→ in; → spiral.

The condition of a system when it is disturbed by internal or external forces. The system continues to depart from the original condition, in contrast to a stable system, which will return to its previous condition when disturbed.

From → in- "not" + → stability

A narrow, almost vertical, band on the right hand side of the → main sequence in the → H-R diagram occupied by many different types of → pulsating stars (→ RR Lyrae, → Cepheids, → W Virginis, → ZZ Ceti). Stars traverse this region at least once after they leave the main sequence. The narrow temperature range of the instability strip corresponds to the stellar → effective temperature that can sustain → partial ionization zones, capable of maintaining stellar oscillations. The blue (hot) edge of the instability strip pertains to stars with surface temperatures hotter than ~ 7500 K. Because these stars have partial ionization zones too close to their surface, the pulsation mechanism is not active. The red (cooler) edge of the instability strip is determined by stars with a temperature lower than ~ 5500 K. In these stars convection prevents the build-up of heat pressure necessary to drive pulsations.

→ instability; → strip.