An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
English-French-Persian

The act of instigating; incitement.

Verbal noun of → instigate.

1) An object used for producing music.
2) A measuring device designed to record the present value of a quantity under observation.

From O.Fr. instrument, from L. instrumentem "a tool, apparatus, furniture," from instruere "to arrange, furnish," from → in- + struc- (var. s. of struere "to put together") + -tus p.p. suffix.

1) Sâz "(musical) instrument; apparatus; harness; furniture," from sâzidan, sâxtan "to build, make, fashion; to adapt, adjust, be fit" (from Mid.Pers. sâxtan, sâz-, Manichean Parthian s'c'dn "to prepare, to form;" Av. sak- "to understand, to mark," sâcaya- (causative) "to teach").
2) Sâzâl, from sâz + -âl, → -al.

The correctable part of the inaccuracy of a measuring instrument.

→ instrument; → error.

Of, relating to, or performed by or with one or more instruments.
See also:
→ instrumental broadening, → instrumental flexure, → instrumental magnitude, → instrumental profile, → instrumental response function, → instrumentalism, → instrumentalist.

Adj. of → instrument.

The broadening of a point source caused by the response functions of the telescope and the instrument used.

→ instrumental; → broadening.

An image defect caused by the mechanical flexure of materials; for example the curved-shape image of a long slit in a spectrograph.

→ instrumental; → flexure.

The magnitude derived directly using → Pogson's relation. The instrumental magnitude depends on → detector→ sensitivity, telescope → aperture, exact filter → bandpass, etc. It must be → calibrated to some standard → photometric system.

→ instrumental; → magnitude.

The shape of instrument's response to the input signal. The Fourier transform of the source function by the instrument function.

→ instrumental; → profile.

The mathematical form of the way an instrument affects the input signal.

→ instrumental; → response; → function.

In the philosophy of science, the pragmatic view that a scientific theory is no more than a useful instrument or tool for getting our experiences in some order.

→ instrumental; → -ism.

An astronomer, engineer, or technician who is concerned with the construction of astronomical instruments.

→ instrumental + → -ist.

1) The design and use of scientific instruments for detection, measurement, control, computation, and so on.
2) The ensemble of instruments contained in a given machine or system.

From → instrument + -ation a combination of -ate and -ion, used to form verbal nouns.

Sâzâlgari, noun from sâzâlgar, → instrumentalist. Sâzâlgân, with plurality suffix -gân.

To cover or to separate from conducting bodies by means of nonconductors so as to prevent or reduce the passage, transfer, or leakage of heat, electricity, or sound. → insulation, → insulator.

From L. insulatus "made into an island," from L. insula "island."

From âyeq, → insulator, + kardan "to do," → -or.

1) The act or fact of insulating.
2) Any material used to reduce or prevent the transfer of electricity, heat, cold, or sound.

Verbal noun from → insulate.

1) A material or an object that does not easily allow heat, electricity, light, or sound to pass through it.
2) Electricity: A material, such as glass or porcelain, that opposes a very high resistance to the passage of an electric current so that the flow of current through it is negligible; a nonconductor.
3) One who, or that which, insulates.

Agent noun from → insulate + → -or.

Âyeq, loan from Ar.

The act, system, or business of insuring property, life, one's person, etc., against loss or harm arising in specified contingencies, as fire, accident, death, disablement, or the like, in consideration of a payment proportionate to the risk involved (Dictionary.com).

→ insure; → -ance.

Bimé, from bim "fear, danger" (variant bâk "fear, hesitation"); Mid.Pers. bīm "fear, fright, dread;" Av. b(a)ii- "to fear;" cf. Skt. bhayⁱ- "to fear," bhīmá- "terrible;" Lith. bijoti(s), Latv. bîtiês "to fear, be afraid;" O.H.G. biben "to shiver;" PIE *b^heiH₂- "to fear" (Cheung 2007).

1) To provide or obtain → insurance on or for.
2) Make certain that something is definitely so. Same as make sure and ensure.

Variant of → ensure.

1) Bimé kardan, from bimé, → insurance, + kardan "to do, make," → -ize.
2) Dartenzidan, from dar-, → in-, + tenz, → sure, + -idan infinitive suffix, → -ize.

Same as → integer number.

From L. integer "whole," literally "intact, untouched," from → in- "not" + root of tangere "to touch."

Doroste, from dorost "whole, complete; healthy; right," → integral.

Any member of the set consisting of → positive and → negative whole numbers and → zero. Examples: -5, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 5.

→ integer; → number.

An expression of an integer nas the sum of one or more positive integers. The number of different partitions of n is denoted p(n). This function is called the partition function. For example, p(5) = 7, because 5 can be partitioned as: 5 = 5 = 4 + 1 = 3 + 2 = 3 + 1 + 1 = 2 + 2 + 1 = 2 + 1 + 1 + 1 = 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1.

→ partition; → integer.