<< < -sc Sag sam sat sca sca Sch Sco sec sec sec seg sel sem sen set sha SHB sho sib sie sil sim sin sit sky slo sno sod sol sol sol sol sor sou spa spa spe spe spe sph spi spi spr SS sta sta sta sta ste ste ste Sto str str stu sub sub suc sun sup sup sup sup sur swa syn syn > >>
shock breakout borunzani-ye šok, ~ toš Fr.: émergence de l'onde de choc A burst of very bright → ultraviolet or → soft X-ray radiation expected to occur in → core-collapse supernovae at the instant when the → supernova shock breaks out of the stellar surface. During the collapse of the progenitor → massive star, the density in the iron core increases drastically. Once the core material reaches → nuclear density, the core rebounds generating a → shock wave that moves outward through the star. When the shock reaches the outermost layers, it ejects them out into space at → relativistic speeds. → shock; breakout "a forceful escape from being confined or restrained," from break, from M.E. breken, O.E. brecan (cf. Du. breken, O.H.G. brehhan, Ger. brechen), from PIE base *bhreg- "to break" (see also → fraction) + → out. Borunzani "emergence, evasion," from borun, → out, + zani verbal noun of zadan "to strike, beat," from Mid.Pers. zatan, žatan; O.Pers./Av. jan-, gan- "to strike, hit, smite, kill" (jantar- "smiter"); cf. Skt. han- "to strike, beat" (hantar- "smiter, killer"); Gk. theinein "to strike;" L. fendere "to strike, push;" Gmc. *gundjo "war, battle;" PIE *gwhen- "to strike, kill." |
shock diamond almâs-e toš Fr.: diamant de choc Any of a series of rings/disks that are formed in a jet flow exhausting a → nozzle when there is a huge difference between the exit pressure and the ambient pressure. At sea level, the exhaust pressure might be lower than the thick atmosphere. In contrast, at very high altitudes, the exhaust pressure might be higher than the thin atmosphere. Shock diamonds can appear just as a rocket is taking off, or at high altitudes when it shifts into → supersonic speed. Shock diamonds are also known as Mach diamonds, → Mach disks, Mach rings, doughnut tails, or thrust diamonds. |
shock front pišân-e toš, ~ šok Fr.: front de choc The boundary over which the physical conditions undergo an abrupt change because of a → shock wave. |
shock wave mowj-e toš, ~ šok Fr.: onde de choc A narrow region of abrupt, nearly discontinuous change in the physical characteristics of a medium in which the flow of a fluid changes from subsonic to supersonic. Across a shock wave there is always an extremely rapid rise in pressure, temperature, and density of the fluid. |
shocked quartz kuârtz-e tošidé, ~ šokidé Fr.: quartz choqué A form of quartz that has a deformed microscopic structure caused by intense pressure which alters the crystalline structure of quartz along planes inside the crystal. It was first discovered after underground nuclear bomb testing. It is found worldwide at the boundary between Cretaceous and Tertiary rocks. This is further evidence (in addition to iridium enrichment) that the transition between the two geological eras was caused by a large meteorite impact. |
shooting star šahâb (#) Fr.: étoile filante Colloquial name for → meteor. Shooting, from shoot (v.); M.E. shoten; O.E. sceotan "to shoot" (cf. O.N. skjota, Du. schieten, Ger. schießen), from PIE base *skeud- "to shoot, to chase, to throw;" → star. Šahâb, → meteor. |
short kutâh (#) Fr.: court 1) Having little length. Not tall or high. M.E. schort; O.E. sceort; cf. O.N. skorta "to be short of," skort "shortness;" O.H.G. scurz "short." Kutâh "short," related to kucak "small," kudak "child, infant;" Mid.Pers. kôtâh "low," kôtak "small, young; baby;" Av. kutaka- "little, small." |
short circuit gardrâhband Fr.: court-circuit A relatively low → resistance contact, usually accidental, between two points of an → electric circuit with initially different → potential. A short circuit brings about a flow of excess → electric current that can damage the circuit and present a danger for the user. Gardrâhband, literally "link, bind, bond in circuit," from gardrâh, → circuit, + band, → band. |
short-period comet dombâledâr-e kutâh-dowré Fr.: comète à courte période A comet with a period less than 200 years. Same as → periodic comet. |
short-period variable vartande-ye kutâh-dowré Fr.: variable à courte période A variable star that has a relatively short period with respect to stars of similar types. |
shortage kambud (#) Fr.: pénurie 1) A deficiency in quantity. From → short + suffix -age. Kambud, from kam "little, few, deficient, scarce" + bud, from budan, → exist. |
shot effect nufe-ye Schottky Fr.: effet Schottky Same as → Schottky noise; → shot noise. Translation of Ger. Schroteffekt, from Schrot "small shot, buckshot" + Effekt; → effect. |
shot noise nufe-ye Schottky Fr.: bruit de grenaille Same as → Schottky noise and → shot effect. → shot effect. |
shoulder duš (#), soft (#) Fr.: épaule The upper joint of each of a person's → arms and the part of the → body between this and the → neck. M.E. schuldre, sholder, shulder, schulder, from O.E. sculdra, sculdor, akin to Du. schouder, Ger. Schulter. Duš "shoulder;" Mid.Pers. dôš "shoulder;"
Av. daoš- "shoulder;" cf. Skt. dós- "shoulder." |
shoulder blade šâné (#), ketf (#) Fr.: omoplate → scapula. → shoulder; blade, M.E.; O.E. blæd "blade of grass;" cognate with Du. blad, Ger. Blatt. Šâné, ketf, → scapula. |
shower ragbâr, tondbâr (#) Fr.: 1) averse; 2) gerbe 1) A brief, abrupt precipitation from a cloud, characterized by the suddenness
with which it begins and ends and by the rapid changes in intensity. M.E. shour; O.E. scur "short fall of rain, fall of missiles or blows;" cf. O.N. skur, O.S., O.H.G. scur, Ger. Schauer. Ragbâr "cloudburst," from rag "cloudburst; thunder,"
→ rain + bâr "raining, rain," from bâridan,
→ rain. |
shower meteor šahâb-e bârâni, ~ ragbâri Fr.: météore de la pluie, ~ ~ l'averse A → meteor that is part of a group moving in the same orbit around the Sun. → meteor shower. |
shutter bastâr (#) Fr.: obturateur
1) A pair of rolling lids that are used to open or close the dome slit.
Same as → dome shutter. Shutter, from shut (v.), from O.E. scyttan from W.Gmc. *skutjanan + → -er. Bastâr, from bast, past tense stem of bastan + -âr. Bastan, from Mid.Pers. bastan/vastan "to bind, shut," Av./O.Pers. band- "to bind, fetter," banda- "band, tie," Skt. bandh- "to bind, tie, fasten," PIE *bhendh- "to bind," cf. Ger. binden, E. bind, → band. The suffix -âr creates agent nouns (as in xaridâr, virâstâr, foruxtâr, nemudâr, etc.). |
SI system râžmân-e SI Fr.: système international The system of → SI units. → SI units. |
SI units yekâhâ-ye SI Fr.: Système International A coherent and rationalized system of units, in common use in physics since 1969. The seven basic units are the → meter, the → kilogram, the → second, the → ampere, the → kelvin, the → mole, and the → candela. Same as international system of units. SI, from Fr. Système Internationale d'unités; → unit. |
<< < -sc Sag sam sat sca sca Sch Sco sec sec sec seg sel sem sen set sha SHB sho sib sie sil sim sin sit sky slo sno sod sol sol sol sol sor sou spa spa spe spe spe sph spi spi spr SS sta sta sta sta ste ste ste Sto str str stu sub sub suc sun sup sup sup sup sur swa syn syn > >>