An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
English-French-Persian

(Adj.) Located, occurring, operating, or living beneath the surface of the → sea.

→ sub- + → marine.

Geology: A long, steep elevation of the deep sea floor.

→ submarine; → ridge.

Hydrology: A freshwater spring that emerges off the seashore.

→ submarine; → spring.

1) To sink or plunge under water or beneath the surface of any enveloping medium.
2) To cover or overflow with water; immerse (Dictionary.com).

From L. submergere, from → sub- + mergere "to dip, immerse;" probably by rhotacism from PIE *mezg- "to dip, plunge;" cf. Skt. majj- "to sink in water;" Lith. mazgoju "to wash."

Marcidan, from Av. mraoc- "to float, submerge;" cf. Skt. mroc/mloc "to go down, set (of the Sun), to disappear, to hide;" Kurd., Laki, Nahâvandi, Bovir-Ahmadi mala- "swim," Kurd. melâna "ship, boat," melaq "wave" may be related to this Av. form.

Of or pertaining to scales smaller than millimeter.

→ sub-; → millimeter.

The study of astronomical objects with → submillimeter waves. As with millimeter-wave astronomy, this part of the spectrum is rich in lines emitted by interstellar molecules and dust.

→ submillimeter; → astronomy.

A member of an extremely luminous population of → high-redshift galaxies which are detected in → submillimeter waves (→ flux density at 850 μm ≥ 3 - 5 mJy). SMGs are powered primarily by star formation rather than an → active galactic nucleus (AGN). Because of their high → dust content, these galaxies emit almost all of their luminosity in the infrared, with a → bolometric luminosity ranging from 10¹²-10¹³ → solar luminosities. As such, SMGs resemble → ultraluminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs), which are almost exclusively → merging galaxies. Indeed, many observations support a → merger origin for SMGs (see, e.g. C.C. Hayward et al. 2011 and references therein, astro-ph/1101.0002).

→ submillimeter; → galaxy.

That part of the → electromagnetic radiation with a → wavelength beyond 300 → microns.

→ submillimeter; → radiation.

An electromagnetic wave having wavelengths less than one millimeter (frequencies greater than 300 gigahertz).

→ millimeter; → wave.

An act or instance of submitting. The condition of having submitted. → submit

Verbal noun of → submit.

To present for the approval, consideration, or decision of another or others. For example, to submit a research paper for publication, to submit an observing proposal.

From L. submittere "to yield, lower, let down, put under, reduce," from → sub- "under" + mittere "to let go, send."

Dar sepordan, dar sepârdan "to yield, surrender, give in," from dar "in, into" (→ in-) + sepordan/sepârdan "to give in charge, entrust to, deposit with;" ultimately Proto-Iranian *spar- "to hand over, entrust."

A proof that occurs within the context of a larger proof

→ sub-; → proof.

Describing a system or situation for which the → Lorentz factor, γ, is much smaller than 1. See also → ultrarelativistic.

→ ultra- + → relativistic

1) Math.: An → index (a digit or symbol) written under and to the right of a letter for representing terms in a → sequence or → series, or indicating variable components in → tensor analysis. → superscript.
2) Chemistry: Such a number occurring in a chemical formula.

From L. subscriptus, p.p. of subscribere "to write underneath," from → sub- "underneath" + scribere "to write," → describe.

Zirnevešt, from zir-, → sub-, + nevešt "written," from neveštan, nevis- "to write;" Mid.Pers. nibištan, nibes- "to write;" Av./O.Pers. nī- "down; in, into," → ni- (PIE), + paēs- "to paint; to adorn," paēsa- "adornment" (Mid.Pers. pēsīdan "to adorn"); O.Pers. pais- "to adorn, cut, engrave" (Mod.Pers. pisé "variegated"); cf. Skt. piśáti "adorns; cuts;" Gk. poikilos "multicolored;" L. pingit "embroiders, paints;" O.C.S. pisati "to write;" O.H.G. fēh "multicolored;" Lith. piēšti "to draw, adorn;" PIE base *peik- "colored, speckled."

A set of elements wholly contained in another set. If each element of a set A belongs to a set B, A is called a subset of B, written A ⊂ B or B ⊃ A and read "A is contained in B" or "B contains A" respectively.

→ sub- + → set.

A set of electrons with the same angular momentum quantum number, denote l. The number of electrons permitted in a subshell is equal to 2l + 1.

→ sub- + → shell.

The point of the surface of a celestial body (including the Earth) at which the Sun is directly overhead at a particular time.

→ sub-; → solar; → point.

Describing a speed that is less than the speed of sound in the medium concerned. → supersonic.

→ sub-; → sonic.

A flow in which the velocity of the constituting particles never exceeds that of sound in the same fluid. Also called subcritical flow.

→ subsonic; → flow.

1) That of which a thing consists; physical matter or material.
2) Physics: A species of matter, commonly homogeneous, that occurs in macroscopic amounts.
3) Philo.: That by virtue of which a thing has its determinate nature, which makes it what it is, as distinguished from something else.

M.E., from O.Fr. substance, from L. substantia "being, essence, material," from substans, pr.p. of substare "to stand under or be present," from → sub- "up to, under" + stare "to stand," cognate with Pers. istâdan "to stand," as below.

Zirist, literally "to stand under," from zir-, → sub-, + ist "to stand; to be standing, "from istâdan "to stand;" Mid.Pers. êstâtan; O.Pers./Av. sta- "to stand, stand still; set;" Av. hištaiti; cf. Skt. sthâ- "to stand;" Gk. histemi "put, place, weigh," stasis "a standing still;" L. stare "to stand;" Lith. statau "place;" Goth. standan; PIE base *sta- "to stand."