An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
English-French-Persian

The → grammatical case of a noun in some languages (such as Greek, Latin, G erman, Russian, Old Persian, Avestan, or Sanskrit), which shows that the noun is the → direct object of a → verb or a → preposition.

→ accusative; → case.

1) An instance of the occurrence, or existence of something.
2) A set of circumstances or conditions.
3) Grammar: An inflectional form of a noun, pronoun, or adjective indicating its grammatical relation to other words.

M.E. cas, from O.Fr. cas "an event, happening, situation," from L. casus "a chance, occasion, opportunity; accident," literally "a falling," from cadere "to fall, sink, settle down" (Sp. caer, caida); Sp. caso; It. caso; Port. caso; PIE root *kad- "to fall;" cf. Skt. śad- "to fall down;" Pers. kat, as below.

Kâté, from Iranian dialects/languages kat- "to fall" (with extension of the first vowel), as Laki: katen "to fall," kat "he/she fell," beko "fall!" (an insult); katyâ "fallen;" Lori: kat "event, error;" Kurd. (Soriani): kawtin "to fall, befall," kett "fallen;" Kurd. (Kurmanji): da.ketin "to fall down;" Lârestâni: kata "to fall;" Garkuyeyi: darkat, varkat "he/she fell (sudden death);" Gilaki (Langarud, Tâleš): katan "to fall," bakatam "I fell," dakatan "to fall (in a marsh, in a pit)," vakatan "to fall from tiredness, be exhausted," fakatan "to fall from (i.e., lose) reputation;" Tabari: dakətə "fallen," dakətən "to crash down," dakət.gu "stray cow;" Proto-Iranian *kat- "to fall;" cf. L. cadere, as above. Alternatively, from Proto-Ir. *kap-, *kaf- "to (be)fall, strike (down);" cf. Baluci kapag, kafag "to fall," kapt "(past tense) fell;" Bampuri kapte "fallen;" Kurd. (Sanandaj) kaften "to fall;" Gilaki jekaftan "to fall;" Nâyini derkaftan "to fall down."

The form of a word (in Latin and other inflected languages) indicating the noun or pronoun for which an action happens or a quality exists. In English loosely used for → indirect object (for example, him in Give him the book).

From L. casus dativus ("case for giving"), a translation of Gk. dotike ptosis ("inflection for giving"), from dativus "pertaining to giving," from datus "given" (from PIE root *do- "to give"), → datum; → case.

Kâte, → case; barâyi, adj. of barâye, "→ because of," "→ for."

The → grammatical case that marks a noun or pronoun typically expressing "possession" or "origin." In English, the genitive case of a noun is shown in writing by adding an s together with an appropriately positioned apostrophe or creating it by using the pronoun of. For instance: "John's house," or "the house of John." A → synthetic language would express the same idea by putting the name "John" in the genitive case. Also called → possessive case.

From O.Fr. genitif or directly from L. (casus) genitivus "case expressing possession, source, or origin," from genitivus "of or belonging to birth," from genitus, p.p. of gignere "to beget, produce," → generate; → case.

Dârešti, → possessive; kâté, → case..

An inflectional category, basically pertaing to nouns and pronoun, which marks their relationship with other parts of the sentence. sentence. → accusative case, → nominative case, → genitive case, → dative case, → ablative case, → vocative case, → imperative case.

→ grammatical; → case.

The grammatical mood of a verb that expresses a command or a request, as in close the door!.

→ imperative; → case.

Grammar: In certain inflected languages (as Sanskrit, Avestan, Greek, Latin, German, and Russian), relating to or denoting a case of nouns, pronouns, and adjectives having as its function the indication of the subject of a verb. Same as subjective case.

→ nominative; → case.

Same as → genitive case.

→ possessive; → case.