An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
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The basic unit of mass in the → International System of Units (SI) and → MKS versions of the → metric system, equal to 1,000 → grams. The kilogram was until 2019 defined as the mass of the standard (international prototype) kilogram, a platinum-iridium cylinder kept at the International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM), at Sèvre, near Paris, France. Copies of this prototype are kept by the standards agencies of all the major industrial nations. A kilogram is equal to the mass of 1,000 cubic cm of water at 4°C (→ maximum density). According to the new (2019) definition, the kilogram is defined by taking the fixed numerical value of the → Planck constant (h) to be 6.62607015 × 10^-34 when expressed in the unit J.s, which is equal to kg m² s^-1, where the meter and the second are defined in terms of c and Δν Cs.

→ kilo-; → gram.

A metric unit of force which is equal to a mass of one kilogram multiplied by the standard acceleration due to gravity on Earth (9.80665 m sec^-2). Therefore one (1) kilogram-force is equal to 1 kg × 9.80665 m sec^-2 = 9.80665 → newtons.

→ kilogram; → force.