An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
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فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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Number of Results: 8 Search : per-
hyper-
  ۱) اَبَر-؛ ۲) هیپر-   
1) abar- (#); 2) hiper- (#)

Fr.: hyper-   

A prefix appearing in loanwords from Greek meaning:
1) "Over," like → super-, and sometimes implying:
2) "Excess higher than that denoted by super-;" e.g. → hypernova.

From Gk. hyper, preposition and adverb, "over, beyond, overmuch, above;" cognate with L. super- and Pers. abar-, as below.

1) Mid.Pers. abar; O.Pers. upariy "above; over, upon, according to;" Av. upairi "above, over," upairi.zəma- "located above the earth;" cf. Gk. hyper- "over, above;" L. super-; O.H.G. ubir "over;" PIE base *uper "over."
2) hiper, loanword from Gk.

per-
  پر-   
1) par-; 2) per-

Fr.: per-   

1) A prefix meaning "through, thoroughly, utterly, very."
2) Chemistry: A prefix used in the names of inorganic chemical compounds containing an element in its highest oxidation state or containing a large or the largest possible proportion of an element.

From L. per "through, during, by means of, on account of," cognate with Pers. par-, pirâ-, as below; cf. Gk. → peri- "around, about, beyond;" O.C.S. pre-; Russ. pere- "through;" Lith. per "through;" Goth. fair-; Ger. ver-; O.E. fer-.

Par-, per-, variants of pirâ- "around, about," from Mid.Pers. pêrâ; O.Pers. pariy "around, about;" Av. pairi "around, over," per- "to pass over, beyond;" cf. Skt. pari; Indo-Iranian *pari- "around;" cf. Gk. peri "around, about, beyond;" L. per "through," as above; PIE base *per- "through, across, beyond."

super-
  اَبَر-   
abar- (#)

Fr.: super-   

A prefix occurring originally in loanwords from Latin, with the basic meaning "above, beyond."

L. adverb and preposition super "above, over, on the top (of), beyond, besides, in addition to," from PIE base *uper "over," cognate with Pers. abar-, as below.

Mid.Pers. abar (Mod.Pers. bar- "on, upon, up"); O.Pers. upariy "above; over, upon, according to;" Av. upairi "above, over," upairi.zəma- "located above the earth;" cf. Gk. hyper- "over, above;" L. super-, as above; O.H.G. ubir "over."

super-canonical star
  ستاره‌ی ِ ابر-هنجاروار   
setâre-ye abar-hanjârvâr

Fr.: étoile super-canonique   

A star whose mass exceeds the → canonical upper limit of the stellar → initial mass function (Kroupa et al. 2012, arXiv:1112.3340).

super-; → canonical; → star.

super-Chandrasekhar SN Ia
  ابر-نو-اختر ِ گونه‌ی ِ Ia ی ِ ابر-چاندراسکهار   
abar-now-axtar-e gune-ye Ia-ye abar-Chandrasekhar

Fr.: supernova de type Ia super-Chandrasekhar   

A superluminous → Type Ia supernova which is characterized by a bright → light curve peak, a slow light curve evolution during the photospheric phase, and moderately low ejecta velocities. Modeling suggests ejecta masses far in excess of the → Chandrasekhar limit of mass for non-rotating → white dwarfs and the production of about 1.5 Msun of 56Ni. This precludes the interpretation of these events as thermonuclear explosions of Chandrasekhar-mass white dwarfs.

super-; → Chandrasekhar limit.

super-Earth
  ابر-زمین   
abar-zamin

Fr.: super-Terre   

An → extrasolar planet more massive than the Earth but less massive than 10 → Earth masses. The first discovered super-Earth orbits an M4 V star named GJ 876. Its estimated mass is 7.5±0.7 Earth masses and it has an orbital period of 1.94 days. It is close to the host star, and the surface temperature is calculated to lie between 430 and 650 K (Rivera et al. 2005, ApJ 634, 625).

super-; → Earth.

super-Eddington wind
  باد ِ ابر-ادینگتونی   
bâd-e abar-Eddingtoni

Fr.: vent super-Eddington   

A → stellar wind accelerated by radiation pressure in the continuum from a star with a luminosity above the → Eddington limit.

super-; → Eddington limit; → wind.

super-metal-rich star
  ستاره‌ی ِ ابر-پرفلز   
setâre-ye abar-porfelez

Fr.: étoile très riche en métaux   

A very → metal-rich star whose iron → metallicity, [Fe/H], exceeds 0.20 → dex. Examples include HD 32147, HD 121370, and HD 145675 (Feltzing & Gonzalez, 2001, A&A 367, 253).

super-; → metal; → rich; → star.