An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
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فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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Number of Results: 1965 Search : ion
perturbation equation
  هموگش ِ پرتورش   
hamugeš-e partureš

Fr.: équation de perturbation   

Any equation governing the behavior of a → perturbation.

perturbation; → equation.

perturbation method
  روش ِ پرتورش   
raveš-e partureš

Fr.: méthode de perturbation   

Approximate method of solving a difficult problem if the equations to be solved depart only slightly from those of a problem already solved.

perturbation; → method.

phase function
  کریای ِ فاز   
karyâ-ye fâz

Fr.: fonction de phase   

The variation in brightness of a target as the phase angle (the angle between Sun and observer as seen from the target) varies between 0° and 180°. The directional distribution of reflected (or scattered) radiation. The phase angle is the supplement of the scattering angle (the angle between the incident ray and the emerging ray); in other words, the sum of the phase angle and the scattering angle is always 180° (Ellis et al., 2007, Planetary Ring Systems, Springer).

phase; → function.

phase modulation
  دگر‌آهنگش ِ فاز   
degarâhangeš-e fâz (#)

Fr.: modulation de phase   

Modulation in which the phase angle of a sine-wave carrier is caused to depart from the carrier angle by an amount proportional to the instantaneous magnitude of the modulating wave.

phase; → modulation.

phase transfer function (PTF)
  کریای ِ تراوژ ِ فاز   
karyâ-ye tarâvaž-e fâz

Fr.: fonction de transfert de phase   

A measure of the relative phase in the image as function of frequency. It is the phase component of the → optical transfer function. A relative phase change of 180°, for example, results in an image with the black and white areas reversed.

phase; → transfer; → function.

phase transition
  گذرش ِ فاز   
gozareš-e fâz

Fr.: transition de phase   

The changing of a substance from one phase to another, by → freezing, → melting, → boiling, → condensation, or → sublimation. Also known as phase transformation. A well known phase transition is the transition from → water to → ice. Phase transitions are often associated with → symmetry breaking. In water there is a complete symmetry under rotations with no preferred direction. Ice has a crystal structure, in which certain orientations in space are preferred. Therefore, in transition from water to ice the continuous rotational symmetry is lost.

phase; → transition.

Phillips relation
  بازانش ِ فیلیپس   
bâzâneš-e Phillips

Fr.: relation de Phillips   

A correlation between the peak brightness of → Type Ia supernovae and the decline rate of their → light curve (15 days after the maximum). The decline rate is also correlated to the width of the peak brightness of the supernova. The brightest events are the broadest in time and brighter SNe Ia decline more slowly than dimmer ones. Applying the Phillips relation reduces the dispersion in the light curves of Type Ia SNe thus making them precise distance indicators which can be observed over large distances.

Named after Mark M. Phillips (1951-), American astronomer (Phillips et al. 1993, ApJ 413, L105); → relation.

photoabsorption
  شید-درشم   
šid-daršam

Fr.: photoabsorption   

A situation in which all of the energy of a photon is transferred to an atom, molecule, or nucleus.

photo- + → absorption.

photodesorption
  شید-واشم   
šid-vâšam

Fr.: photodésorption   

Th desorption of surface substances by ultraviolet radiation.

photo-; → desorption.

photodisintegration
  شید-واپاشی، نور-واپاشی   
šidvâpâši, nurvâpâši

Fr.: photodésintégration   

The process by which atomic nuclei are broken apart into their constituent protons and neutrons by the impact of high energy gamma photons. Photodisintegration takes place during the core collapse phase of a → Type II supernova explosion.

photo- + → disintegration.

photodissociation
  شید-واهزش، نور-واهزش   
šid-vâhazeš, nur-vâhazeš

Fr.: photodissociation   

The → dissociation of a → chemical compound by → radiation  → energy.

Verbal noun of → photodissociate; → -tion.

photodissociation region (PDR)
  ناحیه‌ی ِ شید-واهزش، ~ نور-واهزش   
nâhiye-ye šid-vâhazeš, ~ nur-vâhazeš

Fr.: région de photodissociation   

A neutral region at the boundary of a → molecular cloud created by the penetration of → far ultraviolet (FUV) radiation from associated stars. The FUV radiation (6 eV ≤ hν ≤ 13.6 eV) dissociates the molecules and heats the gas and dust. A warm, atomic → H I region is thus created and the chemistry and thermal balance of the region are determined by the penetrating FUV photons. The progressive absorption of FUV photons leads to the occurrence of transitions between atomic and molecular phases, such as H I/H2 and C II/C I/CO transitions. By extension, any neutral region where the physics is controlled by FUV photons can be called a PDR, as it is the case for → diffuse interstellar clouds or the edge of → circumstellar disks. The PDR concept was first studied by A. G. G. M. Tielens and D. Hollenbach (1985, ApJ 291, 722).

photodissociation + → region.

photoevaporation
  شید-بخارش، نور-بخارش   
šidboxâreš, nurboxâreš

Fr.: photoévaporation   

A process going on in a molecular cloud surface whereby the surface material ionized by ultraviolet photons of neighboring stars is dissipated.

photo- + → evaporation.

photoexcitation
  شید-بر‌انگیزش   
šid-barangizeš

Fr.: photoexcitation   

The mechanism of raising an electron to higher energies by photon absorption, when the energy of the photon is too low to cause photoionization.

photo- + → excitation.

photoionization
  شید-یونش، نور-یونش   
šid-yoneš, nur-yoneš

Fr.: photoionisation   

The physical process in which an incident high-energy photon ejects one or more electrons from an atom, ion, or molecule.

photo- + → ionization.

photoionize
  شید-یونیدن، نور-یونیدن   
šid-yonidan, nur-yonidan

Fr.: photoioniser   

To cause, or to undergo → photoionization.

photo-; → ionize.

photoionized
  شید-یونیده، نور-یونیده   
šid-yonidé, nur-yonidé

Fr.: photoionisé   

Subject to, or produced by → photoionization.

photo-; → ionized.

photometric calibration
  کبیزش ِ شید-سنجیک، ~ سنور-سنجیک   
kabizeš-e šidsanjik, ~ nursanjik

Fr.: calibration photométrique   

A calibration which converts the measured relative magnitudes into an absolute photometry.

photometric + → calibration.

physical adsorption
  برشم ِ فیزیکی   
baršam-e fiziki

Fr.: adsorption physique   

Same as → physisorption.

physical; → adsorption.

physical condition
  بوتار ِ فیزیکی   
butâr-e fiziki

Fr.: condition physique   

The state of a → physical system regarding its temperature, density, pressure, etc. at a given time.

physical; → condition.


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