An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
English-French-Persian

فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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Number of Results: 65 Search : logy
Newtonian cosmology
  کیهان‌شناسی ِ نیوتنی   
keyhânšenâsi-ye Newtoni

Fr.: cosmologie newtonienne   

The use of → Newtonian mechanics to derive homogeneous and isotropic solutions of → Einstein's field equations, which represent models of expanding Universe. The Newtonian cosmology deviates from the prediction of → general relativity in the general case of anisotropic and inhomogeneous models.

Newtonian; → cosmology.

nivology
  برفشناسی   
barfšenâsi

Fr.: nivologie   

Science of → snow.

From Fr. nivologie, from niveus "snow; snowy," → snow, + -logie, → -logy.

Barfšenâsi, frp barf, → snow, + -šenâsi, → -logy.

observational cosmology
  کیهان‌شناسی ِ نپاهشی   
keyhânšenâsi-ye nepâheši

Fr.: cosmologie observationnelle   

The application of observational data to the study of the Universe as a whole.

observational; → cosmology.

oenology
  باده‌شناسی   
bâdešenâsi

Fr.: oenologie   

The science of → wines. Same as enology.

From Gk. oeno-, from oinos cognate with → wine.

Bâdešenâsi, from bâdé, bâda "wine," from Mid.Pers. bâtak "wine," + -šenâsi, → -logy.

ontology
  هستی‌شناسی   
hasti-šenâsi (#)

Fr.: ontologie   

1) Classical philosophy: That part of metaphysics which is concerned with the nature of existence or the essence of things.
2) Contemporary philosophy: The conceptions of existence in general, such as those dealt with in various versions of existentialism.
3) Informatics: A description of knowledge as a set of concepts within a domain and the relationships that can exist between those concepts. An ontology is designed for the purpose of enabling knowledge sharing and reuse.

From Mod.L. ontologia, from Gk. on (genitive ontos) "being" (pr.p. of einai "to be"), akin to L. esse "to be;" Pers. hastan, astan "to be," hasti "existence, being," as below; + -logia, → -logy.

Hasti-šenâsi, from hasti "existence," from hastan "to be," → entity, + -šenâsi, → -logy.

paleoclimatology
  پارین-کلیما‌شناسی   
pârin-kelimâšenâsi

Fr.: paléoclimatologie   

The study of past → climates throughout → geologic and → historic time (paleoclimates), and the causes of their variations.

paleo-; → climatology.

paleontology
  پارین‌شناسی   
pârin-šenâsi (#)

Fr.: paléontologie   

The study of ancient life through → fossils.

From Fr. paléontologie, from paléo-, → paleo-, + onto-, from Gk. ont- "being," pr.p. of einai "to be," + → -logy.

Pârin-šenâsi, from pârin-, → paleo- + šenâsi, → -logy.

petrology
  سنگ‌شناسی   
sangšenâsi (#)

Fr.: pétrologie   

The branch of → geology that deals with → rocks: their classification, composition, structure, occurrence, and conditions of origin.

petro-; → -logy

phenology
  زیست‌چرخه‌شناسی   
zistcarxe-šenâsi

Fr.: phénologie   

The study of the biological recurring phenomena in plants and animals (such as blossoming, hibernation, reproduction, and migration) and of their relation to changes in season and climate.

From L. phaeno-, from Gk. phaino-, from phainein "bring to light, cause to appear, show," from PIE root *bha- "to shine" + → -logy.

Zistcarxe-šenâsi, literally study of "life cycle," from zistcarxe "life cycle," from zist, → bio-, + carxe, → cycle, + -šenâsi, → -logy.

phonology
  آواشناسی   
âvâšnâsi (#)

Fr.: phonologie   

A branch of linguistics that studies the rules in any given language that govern how → phonemes are combined to create meaningful words. Phonology and → phonetics study two different aspects of sound, but the concepts are dependent on each other in the creation of language.

phono-; → -logy.

planetology
  سیاره‌شناسی   
sayyârešenâsi (#)

Fr.: planétologie   

Same as → planetary science.

planet; + → -logy.

plasma cosmology
  کیهان‌شناسی ِ پلاسمایی   
keyhânšenâsi-ye plâsmâyi

Fr.: cosmologie plasma   

An alternative cosmology, initially conceived by Hannes Alfvén in the 1960s, that attempts to explain the development of the visible Universe through the interaction of electromagnetic forces on astrophysical plasma. Like the steady state model, plasma cosmology hypothesizes an evolving Universe without beginning or end.

plasma; → cosmology.

radiology
  پرتوشناسی   
partowšenâsi (#)

Fr.: radiologie   

The study and use of radiation and radioactive substances for the treatment of diseases.

radio; + → -logy.

rheology
  روانه‌شناسی   
ravâné šenâsi (#)

Fr.: rhéologie   

A branch of physics dealing with the way matter flows and deforms.

From rheo- "flow, current, stream," from Gk. rheos "stream," cognate with Pers. rud "river," → Eridanus, + → -logy.

Ravâné, from ravân "flowing, running," pr.p. of raftan "to go, walk; to flow;" (Mid.Pers. raftan, raw-, Proto-Iranian *rab/f- "to go; to attack") + šenâsi, → -logy.

seismology
  لرزه‌شناسی   
larzešenâsi (#)

Fr.: sismologie, séismologie   

The branch of geophysics that is concerned with the study of earthquakes and measurement of the mechanical properties of the Earth.

seismo-; → -logy.

sociology
  هزانه‌شناسی   
hazâne-šenâsi

Fr.: sociologie   

The science or study of the origin, development, organization, and functioning of human society; the science of the fundamental laws of social relations, institutions, etc. (Dictionary.com).

society; → -logy.

space technology
  تشنیک‌شناسی ِ فضایی، فناوری ِ ~   
tašnikšenâsi-ye fazâyi, fanâvari-ye ~

Fr.: technologie spatiale   

The systematic application of science, technology, and engineering to the exploration and utilization of outer space.

space; → technology.

standard cosmology
  کیهان‌شناسی ِ استانده   
keyhânšenâsi-ye estândé

Fr.: cosmologie standard   

The conventional → Big Bang model, which is based on two assumptions: the → cosmological principle of homogeneity and isotropy leading to the → Robertson-Walker metric, and → Einstein's field equations of general relativity along with familiar properties of matter. This model is a remarkably successful operating hypothesis describing the evolution of the Universe from 1/100 second after the initial event through to the present day. It provides explanations for several basic problems such as: → Hubble's law of recession of galaxies, interpreted in terms of the expansion of the Universe; the abundances of the → light elements, in excellent agreement with the predictions of → primordial nucleosynthesis; and the thermal spectrum and angular isotropy of the → cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation, as expected from a hot, dense early phase of expansion. For a non-standard model, see → ekpyrotic Universe.

standard; → cosmology.

stoicheiology
  استویخیوشناسی   
stoyxiyošenâsi

Fr.: stoicheiologie   

1) The statement or discussion of the first principles of any science or art (1913 Webster).
2) Logic: The doctrine of the elementary requisites of mere thought (Sir W. Hamilton; 1913 Webster).

stoichiometry, → -logy.

tautology
  همانگویی   
hamânguyi (#)

Fr.: tautologie   

1) Needless repetition of an idea, especially in words other than those of the immediate context, without imparting additional force or clearness, as in "lifeless dead."
2) A → proposition that is → always  → true. On a → truth table a tautology is a → sentence that is true for every possible → truth value of its constituent parts.

L.L. tautologia "representation of the same thing in other words," from Gk. tautologia, from tautologos "repeating what has been said," from tauto "the same" (contraction of to auto "the same," from to "the" + → auto + -logos "saying," related to legein "to say," → -logy.

Hamân "same" (Mid.Pers. ham "same; also; together," → com-) + ân "that."

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