An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
English-French-Persian

1) A family of simple, often sweet, compounds consisting of → carbon, → hydrogen, and → oxygen obtained particularly from sugarcane and sugar beets. The sugar family includes glucose, sucrose, lactose, fructose, maltose, lactose, and galactose. Sugar molecules have been detected in → interstellar medium  → molecular clouds.
2) Specifically, → sucrose.

M.E. sugre, sucre, from O.Fr. sucre, from M.L. succarum, from Ar. sukkar, from Pers. shakar, from Skt. šárkarā- "ground or candied sugar," originally "grit, gravel."

Šekar, Mid.Pers. šakar, ultimately from Skt. šárkarā-, as above.