An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
English-French-Persian

فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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Number of Results: 1358
conformal
  همدیس   
hamdis

Fr.: conforme   

1) That conforms, especially to the shape of something.
2) Math.: Of, pertaining to, or specifying a mapping of a surface upon another surface so that all angles between intersecting curves remain unchanged.

con- + → form + → -al.

conformal compactification
  همپکانش ِ همدیس   
hampakâneš-e hamdi

Fr.: compactification conforme   

A mapping of an infinite → space-time onto a finite one that may make the far away parts of the former accessible to study. The technique invented by Penrose defines an equivalence class of → metrics, gab being equivalent to ĝab = Ω2gab, where Ω is a positive scalar function of the space-time that modifies the distance scale making the asymptotics of the physical metric accessible to study.

conformal; → compactification.

conformal cyclic cosmology (CCC)
  کیهانشناسی ِ چرخه‌ای ِ همدیس   
keyhânšenâsi-ye carxe-yi-ye hamdis

Fr.: cosmologie cyclique conforme   

A cosmological model developped by Roger Penrose and colleagues according which the Universe undergoes repeated cycles of expansion. Each cycle, referred to an aeon, starts from its own "→ big bang" and finally comes to a stage of accelerated expansion which continues indefinitely. There is no stage of contraction (to a "→ big crunch") in this model. Instead, each aeon of the universe, in a sense "forgets" how big it is, both at its big bang and in its very remote future where it becomes physically identical with the big bang of the next aeon, despite there being an infinite scale change involved, on passing from one aeon to the next. This model considers a conformal structure rather than a metric structure. Conformal structure may be viewed as family of metrics that are equivalent to one another via a scale change, which may vary from place to place. Thus, in conformal space-time geometry, there is not a particular metric gab, but an equivalence class of metrics where the metrics ğab and gab are considered to be equivalent if there is a smooth positive scalar field Ω for which ğab = Ω gab (R. Penrose, 2012, The Basic Ideas of Conformal Cyclic Cosmology).

conformal; → cyclic; → cosmology.

conformal geometry
  هندسه‌ی ِ همدیس   
hendese-ye hamdis

Fr.: géométrie conforme   

The study of the set of angle-preserving transformations on a space.

conformal; → geometry.

conformal mapping
  همتایش ِ همدیس   
hamtâyeš-e hamdis

Fr.: application conforme   

A continuous mapping u = f(x) of a domain D in an n-dimensional Euclidean space (n≥ 2) into the n-dimensional Euclidean space is called conformal at a point x0D if it has the properties of constancy of dilation and preservation of angles at this point.

conformal; → mapping.

confound
  پشیدن   
pašidan

Fr.: confondre   

1) To throw into confusion or disorder.
2) To treat or regard erroneously as identical; mix or associate by mistake (Dictionary.com).

M.E. conf(o)unden, from Anglo-Fr. confoundre, O.Fr. confondre "throw into disorder, crush, ruin," from L. confundere "to confuse," literally "to pour together, mix, mingle," from → com- + fundere "to pour"

Pašidan, from Tâti paši "confused, blend;" ultimately from Proto-Ir. *apa-šan-, from *šan- "to shake;" cf. Mid.Pers. pašân-, afšân- "to spread, scatter;" Pers. afšândan "to disperse;" Kurd. pašiv "messy, disordered," pašukân "to be agitated, distraught;" Gilaki voršin "messy, disordered;" see → chaos for other dialectal examples.

confuse
  پشیدن   
pašidan

Fr.: confondre   

1) To make unclear or indistinct.
2) To fail to distinguish between; associate by mistake; confound (Dictionary.com).

Back formation from confused, M.E. confused, from O.fr. confus, from L. confusus, p.p. of confundere, → confound.

confound.

confused
  پشیده، پشناک   
pašidé, pašnâk

Fr.: confus   

1) (Of a person) Unable to think clearly; perplexed.
2) Lacking order and so difficult to understand. Disordered.

Past participle of → confuse.

confusion
  پشش   
pašeš

Fr.: confusion   

1) The act of confusing.
2) The state of being confused.
3) Disorder; upheaval; tumult; chaos (Dictionary.com).

Verbal noun of → confuse.

confusion limit
  حد ِ پشش   
hadd-e pašeš

Fr.: limite de confusion   

The → fluctuations of the → background  → sky brightness below which astronomical → sources cannot be → detected individually. The confusion limit is reached when the density of sources brighter than the → root mean square  → noise becomes high enough within the area of the resolution element.

confusion; → limit.

conglomerate
  هاگلمیدن   
hâgolemidan

Fr.: conglomérer   

1) Anything composed of heterogeneous materials or elements.
2) Geology: A sedimentary rock made of rounded rock fragments (greater than two millimeters in diameter), such as pebbles, cobbles, and boulders, in a finer-grained matrix.

From L. conglomeratus, p.p. of conglomerare "to roll together," from → com- "together" + glomerare "to gather into a ball," from glomus (genitive glomeris) "a ball," globus "globe;" PIE *gel- "to make into a ball."

Hâgolemidan, from hâ- "together," → com-, + golem "glomus," → agglomerate.

conglomeration
  هاگلمش   
hâgolemeš

Fr.: conglomération   

1) The act of conglomerating; the state of being conglomerated.
2) a cohering mass; cluster (Dictionary.com).

Verbal noun of → conglomerate.

congruence
  دمسازی   
damsâzi

Fr.: congruence   

The quality or state of agreeing or corresponding. → congruent.

Noun form of → congruent.

congruent
  دمساز   
damsâz

Fr.: congruent   

1) Agreeing; accordant.
2) Math.: → congruent number.
3) Geometry: → congruent angles, → congruent circles, → congruent line segments, → congruent polygons, → congruent triangles.

Congruent "suitable, proper," from L. congruentem (nominative congruens) "agreeing, fit, suitable," p.p. of congruere, literally "to come together, agree, correspond with," from → com- "with" + a lost verb *gruere, *ruere "fall, rush."

Damsâz "agreeing, consenting, harmonious," maybe from hamsâz "unanimous," → compatible.

congruent angles
  زاویه‌های ِ دمساز   
zâviyehâ-ye damsâz

Fr.: angles congrus   

Two angles if they have the same measure. Congruent angles may lie in different orientations or positions.

congruent; → angle.

congruent circles
  پرهون‌های ِ دمساز   
parhunhâ-ye damsâz

Fr.: cercles congrus   

Two circles if they have the same size.

congruent; → circle.

congruent line segments
  برنک‌های ِ دمساز   
borankhâ-ye damsâz

Fr.: segments congru   

Two line segments if they have the same length. They need not lie at the same angle or position on the plane.

congruent; → line; → segment.

congruent number
  عدد ِ دمساز   
adad-e damsâz

Fr.: nombre congru   

Number theory: An → integer N if there exists a → right triangle with → rational sides so that the area of the triangle is N. For example, the number N = 6, because of the 3-4-5 triangle.

congruent; → number.

congruent polygons
  چندبرهای ِ دمساز   
candbarhâ-ye damsâz

Fr.: polygones congrus   

Polygons that have an equal number of sides, and all the corresponding sides and angles are congruent. However, they can be in a different location, rotated or flipped over.

congruent; → polygon.

congruent triangles
  سه‌برهای ِ دمساز   
sebarhâ-ye damsâz

Fr.: triangles congrus   

Two triangles when all corresponding sides and interior angles have the same measure. The triangles will have the same shape and size, but one may be a mirror image of the other.

congruent; → triangle.

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