An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
English-French-Persian

فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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Number of Results: 509
Lomb-Scargle periodogram
  دوره‌نگاشت ِ لومب-اسکارگل   
dowrenegâšt-e Lomb-Scargle

Fr.: périodogramme de Lomb-Scargle   

An algorithm for detecting and characterizing periodic signals in unevenly-sampled data. The Lomb-Scargle periodogram has a particularly wide use within the astronomy community. This method allows efficient computation of a Fourier-like → power spectrum estimator from such unevenly-sampled data, resulting in an intuitive means of determining the period of oscillation (see VanderPlas, 2017, astro-ph/1703.09824 and references therein).

Named after Lomb, N. R. 1976, Ap&SS 39, 447 and Scargle, J. D. 1982, ApJ 263, 835; → periodogram.

long
  دراز   
derâz (#)

Fr.: long   

1) Having considerable linear extent in space. → very-long-baseline interferometry (VLBI).
2) Having considerable duration in time. → long-period variable.

M.E. longe, O.E. lang, long, akin to O.H.G., Ger. lang "long," O.N. langr, M.Du. lanc, Goth. laggs "long," L. longus, → longitude.

Derâz "long," Mid.Pers. drâz "long;" O.Pers. darga- "long;" Av. darəga-, darəγa- "long," drājištəm "longest;" cf. Skt. dirghá- "lon (in space and time)."

long-period comet
  دمدار ِ درازدوره   
domdâr-e derâz dowré

Fr.: comète à longue période   

A comet with orbital period of more than 200 years. → short-period comet; → periodic comet.

long; → period; → comet.

long-period variable
  ورتنده‌ی ِ درازدوره   
vartande-ye derâz dowré

Fr.: variable à longue période   

A type of → variable star in which variations in brightness occur over long time-scales of months or years. The term generally refers to → Mira variable types.

long; → period; → variable.

longitude
  درژنا   
derežnâ

Fr.: longitude   

The angular distance on the Earth's surface, measured east or west from the prime meridian at Greenwich to the meridian passing through a position, expressed in degrees (or hours), minutes, and seconds.

L. longitudo "length," from longus "long," cognate with Pers. derâz, as below, Gk. dolikhos "elongated;" O.H.G., Ger. lang, O.N. langr, M.Du. lanc, Goth. laggs "long;" PIE base *dlonghos- "long."

Derežnâ, from derež (Kurdi, Laki), variants darg "length; long, tall" (Zâzâ), darγ (Ossetic), derâz "long" + -nâ noun forming suffix from adjective, as in derâznâ, pah(n)nâ, farâxnâ, tangnâ, tiznâ. The first element from Mid.Pers. drâz "long;" O.Pers. darga- "long;" Av. darəga-, darəγa- "long," drājištəm "longest;" cf. Skt. dirghá- "long (in space and time);" PIE *dlonghos- "long," as above.

longitude of ascending node
  درژنای ِ گره ِ فرازشی   
derežnâ-ye gereh-e farâzeši

Fr.: longitude du nœud ascendant   

One of the → orbital elements used to specify the orbit of an object in space. It is the angle from the reference direction, called the origin of longitude, to the direction of the → ascending node, measured in the reference plane.

longitude; → ascending node.

longitudinal
  درژنایی   
derežnâyi

Fr.: longitudinal   

Of or pertaining to longitude or length. Extending in the direction of the length.

Adj. of → longitude.

longitudinal magnetic field
  میدان ِ مغناطیسی ِ درژنایی   
meydân-e meqnâtisi-ye derežnâyi

Fr.: champ magnétique longitudinal   

1) A → magnetic field whose lines of force (→ line of force) run parallel to the long axis of the → magnet. Longitudinal magnetization of a component can be accomplished using the longitudinal field set up by a → coil or → solenoid. It can also be accomplished using permanent magnets or electromagnets.
2) In → stellar magnetic field observations, the magnetic field along the → line of sight.

longitudinal; → magnetic; → field.

longitudinal mass
  جرم ِ درژنایی   
jerm-e derežnâyi

Fr.: masse longitudinale   

In special relativity theory, the mass of a body when the acceleration is parallel or anti-parallel to velocity: ml = m0 / [1 - (v/c)2]3/2, where m0 is the → rest mass, v is the velocity, and c the → velocity of light. → transverse mass.

longitudinal; → mass.

longitudinal wave
  موج ِ درژنایی   
mowj-e derežnâyi

Fr.: onde longitudinale   

A wave vibrating along the direction of propagation, such as a → sound wave. → transverse wave.

longitudinal; → wave.

longitudinal Zeeman effect
  اُسکر ِ زیمن ِ درژنایی   
oskar-e Zeeman-e derežnâyi

Fr.: effet Zeeman longitudinal   

The → Zeeman effect when the emitting source is viewed in the direction of the magnetic field. In the normal longitudinal effect, each spectral line is split into two components with frequencies ν ± Δν. The line with the frequency ν - Δν shows left-hand → circular polarization and that with frequency ν + Δν shows right-hand circular polarization. → transverse Zeeman effect.

longitudinal; → Zeeman effect.

look
  نگاه   
negâh (#)

Fr.: regard   

The act or instance of looking.

Look, from W.Gmc. *lokjan (cf. O.S. lokon, M.Du. loeken, O.H.G. luogen, Ger. dialectal lugen "to look out"), of unknown origin.

Negâh "look," from Mid.Pers. nikâh "look, glance, observation;" Proto-Iranian *ni-kas- "to look down," from ni- "down," → ni- (PIE), + *kas- "to look, appear;" cf. Av. nikā-, nikāta- (in the name of the 15-th nask) "that which is observed," ākas- "to look;" Mid.Pers. âkâh, Mod.Pers. âgâh "aware, knowing;" Ossetic kast/kaesyn "to look;" Skt. kāś- "to become visible, appear."

look-back time
  زمان ِ نگاه به گذشته   
zamân-e negâh bé gozašté

Fr.: temps de regard en arrière   

The time that has elapsed since the light was emitted from a distant object (of → redshift z). Because → light moves at a → constant  → speed, it takes a finite time to travel from distant objects. Hence, we "see" distant objects at a point in time in their past. In other words, look-back time is the difference between the age of the Universe now and the age of the Universe at the time the photons were emitted from the object. See also → comoving distance.

look; → back; → time.

Zamân, → time; negâh, → look; gozašté "past, passed" (from gozaštan "to pass, proceed, go on," variant gozâštan "to put, to place, let, allow;" Mid.Pers. widardan, widâštan "to pass, to let pass (by);" O.Pers. vitar- "to pass across," viyatarayam "I put across;" Av. vi-tar- "to pass across," from vi- "apart, away from" (O.Pers. viy- "apart, away;" Av. vi- "apart, away;" cf. Skt. vi- "apart, asunder, away, out;" L. vitare "to avoid, turn aside") + O.Pers./Av. tar- "to cross over").

loop
  گردال   
gerdâl

Fr.: boucle   

General: Anything shaped more or less like a loop, i.e. portion of a cord, ribbon, etc., folded or doubled upon itself.
Physics: The part of a vibrating string, column of air or other medium, etc., between two adjacent nodes.
Computers: The reiteration of a set of instructions in a routine or program.

Probably of Celtic origin (cf. Gael. lub "bend," Ir. lubiam), influenced by O.N. hlaup "a leap, run."

Gerdâl, from gerd "round, a circle" (Mid.Pers. girdag "disk, round," from gird/girt "round, all around," Proto-Iranian *gart- "to twist, to wreathe," cf. Skt krt "to twist threads, spin; to wind; to surround;" kata- "a twist of straw," Pali kata- "ring, bracelet," Gk. kartalos "a kind of basket," kyrtos "curved") + → -al.

loop prominence
  زبانه‌ی ِ گردالی   
zabâne-ye gerdâli

Fr.: protubérance en boucle   

A very bright active prominence in the form of a loop seen in Hα after a rather big flare. Also called "post-flare loops," they connect the feet where the two-ribbon flares were seen. The lifetime of loop prominences is several hours.

loop; → prominence.

lord
  خاوند   
xâvand (#)

Fr.: seigneur   

1) A person who has authority, control, or power over others; a master, chief, or ruler.
2) A person who exercises authority from property rights; an owner of land, houses, etc.
3) A feudal superior; the proprietor of a manor (Dictionary.com).

M.E. lord, loverd, O.E. hlâford, hlâfweard, literally "loaf-keeper," from hlaf "bread, loaf" + weard "keeper, guardian."

Xâvand, contraction of xodâvand "lord, master, god," from xodâ "lord, master," → God, + suffix -vand.

Lorentz
  لورنتز   
Lorentz

Fr.: Lorentz   

Contraction of the full name of Hendrik Antoon Lorentz (1853-1928), a Dutch physicist, who made important contribution to physics. He won (with Pieter Zeeman) the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1902 for his theory of electromagnetic radiation, which, confirmed by findings of Zeeman, gave rise to Albert Einstein's special theory of relativity.

Lorentz contraction
  ترنگش ِ لورنتز   
terengeš-e Lorentz

Fr.: contraction de Lorentz   

The decrease in the length of a body moving in the direction of its length as measured by an observer situated in that direction. The shortening factor is [1 - (v/c)2]1/2, where v is the relative velocity and c light speed.

Lorentz; → contraction.

Lorentz factor
  کروند ِ لورنتز   
karvand-e Lorentz

Fr.: facteur de Lorentz   

In → special relativity, an important parameter which appears in several equations, including → time dilation, → length contraction, and → relativistic mass. It is defined as γ = 1 / [1 - (v/c)2]1/2 = dt/dτ, where v is the velocity as observed in the reference frame where time t is measured, τ is the proper time, and c the → velocity of light. Same as Lorentz γ factor.

Lorentz; → factor.

Lorentz force
  نیروی ِ لورنتز   
niru-ye Lorentz (#)

Fr.: force de Lorentz   

The force acting upon a → charged particle as it moves in a → magnetic field. It is expressed by F = q.v x B, where q is the → electric charge, v is its → velocity, and B the → magnetic induction of the field. This force is perpendicular both to the velocity of the charge and to the magnetic field. The magnitude of the force is F = qvB sinθ, where θ is the angle between the velocity and the magnetic field. This implies that the magnetic force on a stationary charge or a charge moving parallel to the magnetic field is zero. The direction of the force is given by the → right-hand rule.

Lorentz; → force.

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