An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
English-French-Persian

فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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Number of Results: 412
occurrence
  رخداد   
roxdâd (#)

Fr.: événement   

1) The action, fact, or instance of occurring.
2) Something that happens; event; incident (Dictionary.com). 3) Logic: → bound occurrence; → free occurrence.

Verbal noun of → occur.

ocean
  اقیانوس   
oqyânus (#)

Fr.: océan   

The intercommunicating body of salt water occupying the depressions of the Earth's surface, or one of its major primary subdivisions, bounded by the continents, or the equator, and other imaginary lines. A sea is subdivision of an ocean. the vast body of salt water that covers almost three fourths of the earth's surface.

M.E. ocean(e), from O.Fr. occean, from L. oceanus, from Gk. okeanos "the great river or sea surrounding the disk of the Earth, as opposed to the Mediterranean," of unknown origin. Personified as Oceanus, son of Uranus and Gaia and husband of Tethys.

Oqyânus, from Ar., ultimately from Gk., as above.

ocean planet
  سیاره‌ی ِ اقیانوسی   
sayyâre-ye oqyânusi

Fr.: planète océan   

A hypothetical → exoplanet covered by a water envelope. The presence of such a planet stems from the implicit assumption of → Habitable Zone temperatures and a liquid water surface.

ocean; → planet.

oceanic
  اقیانوسی   
oqyânusi (#)

Fr.: océanique   

Of, living in, or produced by the ocean.

ocean; → -ic.

oceanic crust
  پوسته‌ی ِ اقیانوسی   
puste-ye oqyânusi

Fr.: croûte océanique   

That part of the → Earth's crust underling most of the Earth's surface which is covered by the oceans. It has a remarkably uniform composition (mostly ~ 49% SiO2) and thickness (mostly ~ 7 km). The ocean floor is the most dynamic part of the Earth's surface. As a result, no part of the oceanic crust existing today is more than 200 million years old, which is less than 5% of the age of the Earth itself. New oceanic crust is constantly being generated from the → upper mantle by sea-floor spreading at → mid-ocean ridges, while other parts of the oceanic crust are being recycled back into the mantle at subduction zones.

oceanic; → crust.

oceanic ridge
  روک ِ اقیانوسی   
ruk-e oqyânusi

Fr.: dorsale océanique   

Any section of the narrow, continuous submarine mountain chain through all the world's oceans. The oceanic ridge constitutes the most extensive mountain ridge on Earth, more than 65,000 km. Perhaps the best-known part of the ridge system is the → Mid-Atlantic Ridge.

oceanic; → ridge.

oceanography
  اقیانوس‌شناسی   
oqyânus-šenâsi (#)

Fr.: océanographie   

The study of the ocean, embracing and integrating all knowledge pertaining to the ocean's physical boundaries, the chemistry and physics of sea water, and marine biology.

ocean + → -graphy.

Oqyânusocean + -šenâsi-logy.

ochre
  اخرا   
oxrâ (#)

Fr.: ocre   

Any of various natural clays rich in ferric oxides (Fe2O3) and containing silica and alumina. Used as a red (→ hematite) or yellow (→ limonite) pigment.

M.E. oker, O.Fr. ocre, from L. ochra, from Gk. okhra, from okhros "pale yellow."

Oxrâ, loan from Gk.

Ockham's razor
  اُستره‌ی ِ آکم   
ostare-ye Ockham (#)

Fr.: rasoir d'Ockham   

The notion that any hypothesis should be stripped of all unnecessary assumptions. If two hypotheses fit the observations equally well, the one that makes the fewest assumptions should be chosen.

The doctrine was formulated by William of Ockham (c.1288-c.1347), an English Franciscan friar and scholastic philosopher. Razor from O.Fr. rasour "a razor," from raser "to scrape, shave."

Ostaré "razor," from sotordan "to shave, erase, remove;" Mid.Pers. ôstarak "removed, shaved," ôstârišn "wiping, shaving;" cf. Khotanese ustar- "to remove," Sogdian (prefixed *pari-) prtr- "to wipe off, dry up," from Proto-Iranian *us-tar- "to remove, wipe off."

octa-, oct-
  هشت-، اکتا-، اکت-   
hašt-, octa-, oct-

Fr.: octa-, octo-, oct-   

A prefix meaning eight.

From L. octo, Gk. okto, cognate with Pers. hašt, as below. Skt. asta, Goth. ahtau, O.E. eahta (see eight).

Hašt "eight," from Mid.Pers. hašt, O.Pers.*aštahva- "eighth;" Av. ašta; cf. Skt. astā; Ossetic ast; (Buddhist) Sogdian 'št; Gk. okto, L. octo (Fr. huit; Sp. ocho); P.Gmc. *akhto(u) (O.E. eahta, æhta, E. eight, O.N. atta, Ger. acht, Goth. ahtau); PIE base *oktô(u).
Octa-, oct, loaned Gk. forms, as above.

octad
  اکتاد   
oktâd

Fr.: octade   

A group of eight units or figures.
Chemistry: An element, atom, or group having a valence of eight.

From Gk. oktad- (stem oktás) "group of eight," from okt-oct- + -ad a prefix denoting a group or unit comprising a certain number, sometimes of years (e.g. dyad; triad).

octagon
  هشت‌بر، هشت‌گوش   
haštbar, haštguš (#)

Fr.: octogone   

A polygon having eight angles and eight sides.

From L. octagonos, from Gk. oktagononos "eight-angled," from okta-, → octa-, oct- "eight," + gonia "angle," related to gony "knee," L. genu "knee," cuneus "a wedge;" Av. žnu- "knee;" Mod.Pers. zânu "knee," Skt. janu- "knee," kona- "angle, corner;" PIE base *g(e)neu-, see below.

Haštbar "eight-sided," from hašt "eight," → octa-, oct- + bar "side; breadth; breast" (Mid.Pers. var "breast;" Av. vouru "wide, broad, extended" (vourucašāni- "looking far"), related to varah- "breast;" cf. Skt. urú- "wide, broad," úras- "breast;" Gk. eurus "wide, broad;" PIE base uer-, ueru-s"wide, broad"); haštguš, from hašt, → octa-, oct-, + guš "corner, angle," Mid.Pers. gošak "corner."

octahedron
  هشتدیمه   
haštdimé

Fr.: octaèdre   

A geometric solid with eight sides.

octa-, oct-; → -hedron.

Octans
  هشتکان   
Haštakân (#)

Fr.: Octant   

The Octant. A faint and obscure constellation, at 21h right ascension, 80° south declination, containing the south celestial pole. Its star Sigma Octantis is the closest naked-eye star to the pole, but it is so faint (magnitude 5.47) that it is practically useless as a polar star for navigation purposes. Abbreviation: Oct; Genitive: Octantis. It was introduced by the French astronomer Nicolas Louis de Lacaille (1713-1762).

From L.L. octans "eighth part of a circle," from → octa-, oct- + -ans, as in quadrans; → quadrant.

Haštakân, → octant.

octant
  هشتکان   
haštakân (#)

Fr.: octant   

1) A portion of a circle cut off by an arc and two radii at 45°, one-eighth of the area of a circle.
2) A instrument incorporating a telescope, the predecessor of the → sextant, used to measure angular distances, mainly in nautical astronomy. It spanned an angular range of 45°.

From L.L. octans "eighth part of a circle," from → octa-, oct- + -ans, as in quadrans; → quadrant.

Haštakân, from haštak "one-eigth," from hašt "eight" (Mid.Pers. hašt, O.Pers.*aštahva- "eighth;" Av. ašta; cf. Skt. astā; Ossetic ast; (Buddhist) Sogdian 'št; Gk. okto, L. octo (Fr. huit; Sp. ocho); P.Gmc. *akhto(u) (O.E. eahta, æhta, E. eight, O.N. atta, Ger. acht, Goth. ahtau); PIE base *oktô(u) + -ak, contraction of yak "one," (Mid.Pers. êwak (Proto-Iranian *aiua-ka-); O.Pers. aiva- "one, alone;" Av. aēuua- "one, alone" (cf. Skt. éka- "one, alone, single;" Gk. oios "alone, lonely;" L. unus "one;" E. one) + -ân nuance suffix.

octave
  اکتاو   
octâv (#)

Fr.: octave   

The interval between two musical notes, the fundamental components of which have frequencies in the ratio two to one.

M.E., from O.Fr. otaves, from L. octava feminine of octavus, from → octa-, oct- + -avus adj. suffix.

Octâv, loan from Fr. as above.

octet
  هشتایه   
haštâyé

Fr.: octet   

General: A group or series of eight.
Chemistry: A stable group of eight electrons which constitutes the outer electron shell of an atom of an inert gas (except helium whose only electron shell contains two electrons).

From → oct-, octa- + -et, as in duet.

Haštâyé, from haštâ "eightfold" + (y)é nuance suffix, as in dotâyé, → doublet.

octuple
  هشتایی   
haštâyi (#)

Fr.: octuple   

Eightfold; eight times as great.

L. octuplus, from octu- variant (before labials) of → oct- octa- + -plus "fold," from base of plicare "to fold, twist."

Haštâyi, from hašt "eight," → oct- octa- + -tâyi, from "fold, plait, ply; piece, part," also a multiplicative suffix; Mid.Pers. tâg "piece, part."

octupole
  هشت‌قطبه   
haštqotbé

Fr.: octupôle   

A → multipole consisting of eight point charges. Octupole moments are much smaller than → quadrupole moments and very much smaller than → dipole moment.

oct-; → pole.

ocular
  چشمی، دیدگانی   
cašmi, didgâni

Fr.: oculaire   

1) Of, pertaining to, or for the eyes.
2) Optics: An alternative term for → eyepiece.

From L. ocularis "of the eyes," from oculus "eye," from PIE base *okw- "to see;" cf; Av. aši- "(both) eyes;" E. → eye.

Cašmi, related to cašm "eye" (Mid.Pers. cašm, Av. cašman- "eye," ākas- "to look," from prefix ā- + Proto-Iranian *kas- "to look, appear," cf. Skt. cáksus- "seeing"); didgâni, related to didgân "eyes," plural of didé "eye," from didan "to see" (Mid.Pers. ditan "to see, regard, catch sight of, contemplate, experience;" O.Pers. dī- "to see;" Av. dā(y)- "to see," didāti "sees;" cf. Skt. dhī- "to perceive, think, ponder; thought, reflection, meditation," dādhye; Gk. dedorka "have seen").

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