An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
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فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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Number of Results: 33 Search : rest
restrain
  بازداشتن   
bâzdâštan (#)

Fr.: restreindre   

To hold back from action; keep in check; repress; to limit or hamper the activity, or effect of.

M.E. restreynen, from O.Fr. restreindre "press, push together; curb, bridle;" from L. restringere "to draw back tightly, confine," from → re- "back" + stringere "draw tight," → strain.

Bâzdâštan, from bâz- prefix denoting "reversal, opposition," → re-, + dâštan "to hold," → property.

restrict
  فروداشتن، فروداریدن   
forudâštan, forudâridan

Fr.: restreindre   

To confine or keep within limits. → restricted three-body problem.

From L. restrictus, p.p. of restringere "to restrict, bind fast, restrain," from → re- "back" + stringere "to draw tight."

Forudâštan "to keep down, hold under control, bring to a halt" (Steingass, Dehxodâ), from foru- "down, downward," → de-, + dâšt past stem of dâštan "to have, to possess" (Mid.Pers. dâštan; O.Pers./Av. root dar- "to hold, keep back, maintain, keep in mind;" cf. Skt. dhr-, dharma- "law;" Gk. thronos "elevated seat, throne;" L. firmus "firm, stable;" Lith. daryti "to make;" PIE *dher- "to hold, support") + -an infinitive suffix.
Forudâridan, from foru- + dâr present stem of dâštan + -idan

restricted three-body problem
  پراسه‌ی ِ سه‌جسم ِ فروداریده   
parâse-ye seh jesm-e forudâridé

Fr.: problème restreint à trois corps   

A special case of the → three-body problem in which the → mass of one of the bodies is negligible compared to that of the two others. If the relative motion of the two massive components is a circle, the situation is referred to as the → circular restricted three-body problem. An example would be a space probe moving in the → gravitational fields of the → Earth and the → Moon, which revolve very nearly in circles about their common → center of mass.

restrict; → three; → body; → problem.

restriction
  فرودارش   
forudâreš

Fr.: restriction   

The act of restricting, the state or the condition of being restricted.

Verbal noun, → restrict + → -tion.

Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI)
  جستجوی ِ هوش ِ اُسترزمینی   
jost-o-ju-ye huš-e ostar-zamini

Fr.: recherche d'intelligence extra-terrestre   

The scientific attempt to detect → intelligent extraterrestrial → life by surveying the sky to find the existence of → transmissions, especially → radio waves or → light, from a → civilization on a distant → planet. The SETI Institute, that carries out the project, is a private non-profit center founded in 1984. There are many methods that SETI scientific teams use to search for extraterrestrial intelligence. Many of these search billions of radio frequencies that reach Earth from all over the → Universe, looking for an intelligent → radio signal. Other SETI teams search by looking for signals in pulses of light emanating from the stars.

search; → extraterrestrial; → intelligence.

solar-terrestrial phenomena
  پدیده‌های ِ خورشیدی-زمینی   
padidehâ-ye xoršidi-zamini

Fr.: phénomènes solaires-terrestres   

Any of the various phenomena observable on the Earth that are caused by the influence of the Sun, such as aurora borealis.

solar; → terrestrial; → phenomenon.

subterrestrial point
  نقطه‌ی ِ زیر-زمینی   
noqte-ye zir-zamini

Fr.: point subterrestre   

The point on the surface of a celestial body where the star is perceived to be directly overhead (in zenith). The sublunar point and subsolar point are the equivalent points for the Moon and Sun, respectively.

sub-; → terrestrial.

terrestrial
  زمینی   
zamini (#)

Fr.: terrestre   

Pertaining to, consisting of, or representing the Earth as distinct from other planets.

From L. terrestris "earthly," from terra "earth," literally "dry land" (as opposed to "sea"); from PIE base *ters- "to dry" (cf. Pers. tešné "thirsty;" Mid.Pers. tašnak "thirsty;" Av. taršu- "dry," taršna- "thirst;" Skt. trsta- "dry," tars- "to be thirsty;" Gk. teresesthai "to become or be dry," L. torrere "to dry up, roast," Goth. þaursus "dry, barren," O.H.G. derren "to make dry," durst "thirst;" Ger. dürr "arid;" O.E. þurstig "thirsty").

Zamini adj. of zamin, variant zami "earth, floor, land;" Mid.Pers. zamig; Av. zam- "the earth;" cf. Skt. ksam- "the ground, earth;" Gk. khthôn, khamai "on the ground;" L. homo "earthly being" (as in homo sapiens, homicide, humble, humus, exhume), humus "the earth;" O.Russ. zemi "land, earth;" PIE root *dh(e)ghom "earth".

Terrestrial Dynamical Time
  زمان ِ توانیک ِ زمینی   
zamân-e tavânik-e zamini

Fr.: temps dynamique terrestre   

A uniform atomic time scale for apparent geocentric ephemerides defined by a 1979 IAU resolution, which replaced Ephemeris Time. TDT is independent of the variable rotation of the Earth, and the length of the tropical year is defined in days of 86,400 seconds of international atomic time. In 1991 it was replaced by Terrestrial Time.

terrestrial; → dynamical; → time.

terrestrial gravitational constant
  پایای ِ گرانشی زمینی   
pâyâ-ye gerâneši-ye zamini

Fr.: constante gravitationnelle terrestre   

A parameter representing the product of the → gravitational constant by the Earth's mass. It is 3.987 x 1014 m3s-2 or 3.987 x 105 km3s-2.

terrestrial; → gravitational; → constant.

terrestrial planets
  سیاره‌های ِ زمینی   
sayyârehâ-ye zamini

Fr.: planètes terrestres   

The four innermost planets in the solar system, Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars. They are called terrestrial because they have a compact, rocky surface like the Earth's. The planets, Venus, Earth, and Mars have significant atmospheres while Mercury has almost none. These planets are approximately the same size, with the Earth the largest. They are considerably denser than the Jovian planets, ranging from a specific gravity of 4 for Mars to 5.5 for the Earth.

terrestrial; → planet.

Terrestrial Time
  زمان ِ زمینی   
zamân-e zimini

Fr.: temps terrestre   

The modern astronomical standard for the passage of time on the surface of the Earth. It is the → coordinate time scale consistent with the theory of general relativity for an observer on the surface of the Earth. TT was renamed from Terrestrial Dynamical Time (TDT) in 1991. The fundamental unit of TT is the day of 86,400 SI seconds. It is related to the International Atomic Time by the relation: TDT = TAI + 32.184 sec.

terrestrial; → time.

underestimate
  ۱) کم-بر‌آوردن؛ ۲) کم-بر‌آورد   
1) kam-baravardan; 2) kam-baravard

Fr.: 1) sous-estimer; 2) sous-estimation   

1) To estimate at too low a value, rate, or the like.
2) An estimate that is too low. → overestimate.

under-; → estimate

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