An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
English-French-Persian

فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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Number of Results: 44 Search : logic
analogical
  آناگوییک   
ânâguyik

Fr.: analogique   

Of, relating to, or based on analogy; expressing or implying analogy.

analogy + -i + → -al.

anisotropic homogeneous cosmological model
  مدل ِ کیهانشناختی ِ همگن و نا-ایزوگرد   
model-e keyhânšenâxti-ye hamgen o nâ-izogard

Fr.: modèle cosmiologique homogène mais anisotrope   

A solution to Einstein's theory of → general relativity that is spatially homogeneous but allows for rotation and/or shear. See also → Bianchi cosmological model.

anisotropic; → homogeneous; → cosmological; → model.

asteroseismologic
  اخترلرزه‌شناسی، اخترلرزه‌شناسیک   
axtarlarzešenâsi, axtarlarzešenâsik

Fr.: astérosismologique   

Of or relating to → asteroseismology.

spectropolarimetry; → -ic.

Bianchi cosmological model
  مدل ِ کیهانشناختی ِ بیانکی   
model-e keyhânšenâxti-ye Bianchi

Fr.: modèle cosmologique de Bianchi   

A cosmological model based on the theory of → general relativity, which is homogeneous but → anisotropic. There are actually ten dinstinct Bianchi types, classified according to the particular kinds of symmetry they posses.

Luigi Bianchi (1856-1928), Italian mathematician; → cosmological; → model.

bivalent logic
  گوییک ِ دو-ارز   
guyik-e do-arz

Fr.: logique bivalente   

A logical system, such as → classical logic, in which every declarative sentence expressing a → proposition has exactly one → truth value, either → true or → false. Bivalent logic is just a sub-set of a more powerful type of logic known as → fuzzy logic. See also → polyvalent logic.

bivalent; → logic.

classical logic
  گوییک ِ کلاسیک   
guyik-e kelâsik

Fr.: logique classique   

The traditional logic in which → sets are sharply defined (→ crisp set) for example, the number of students registered for a course, or the names beginning with P in a given telephone directory. Classical logic also defines relations between sets of → propositions. Consider for example two sets: elephants and mammals, a simple proposition would be the assertion that all elephants are mammals, that is E ⊂ M, where E is the elephant set and M is the mammal set. The classical logic proposition is either true or false. Compare with → fuzzy logic.

classical; → logic.

cosmological
  کیهان‌شناختی، کیهان‌شناسیک   
keyhânšenâxti, keyhânšenâsik

Fr.: cosmologique   

Pertaining or relating to → cosmology.

cosmology; → -al.

cosmological constant
  پایای ِ کیهان‌شناسیک، ~ کیهان‌شناختی   
pâyâ-ye keyhânšenâsik, ~ keyhânšenâxti

Fr.: constante cosmologique   

A term introduced by Einstein into his gravitational → field equations in order to allow a solution corresponding to a → static Universe. The cosmological constant is physically interpreted as due to the → vacuum energy of quantized fields. See also → dark energy.

cosmological; → constant.

cosmological constant problem
  پراسه‌ی ِ پایای ِ کیهانشناختی   
parâse-ye pâyâ-ye keyhânšenâxti

Fr.: problème de la constante cosmologique   

The impressive discrepancy of about 120 orders of magnitude between the theoretical value of the → cosmological constant and its observed value. → Quantum field theory interprets the cosmological constant as the density of the → vacuum energy. This density can be derived from the maximum energy at which the theory is valid, i.e. the → Planck energy scale (1018 GeV). The theoretical vacuum → energy density is (1018 GeV)4 = (1027 eV)4 = 10112 erg cm-3. On the other hand, the observed vacuum energy density is estimated to be about (10-3 eV)4 = 10-8 erg cm-3. There is, therefore, a discrepancy of about 120 orders of magnitude.

cosmological; → constant; → problem.

cosmological distance
  دورای ِ کیهان‌شناسیک، ~ کیهان‌شناختی   
durâ-ye keyhânšenâsik, ~ keyhânšenâxti

Fr.: distance cosmologique   

The distance to a remote galaxy based on its redshift assuming that the redshift is caused by the → Doppler effect and reflects the general expansion of the Universe.

cosmological; → distance .

cosmological epoch
  زیمه‌ی ِ کیهانشناختی   
zime-ye keyhânšenâxti

Fr.: époque cosmologique   

cosmological; → epoch.

cosmological model
  مدل ِ کیهان‌شناسیک، ~ کیهان‌شناختی   
model-e keyhânšenâsik, ~ keyhânšenâxti

Fr.: modèle cosmologique   

A mathematical description of the Universe, based on observation, which tries to explain its current aspect, and to describe its evolution during time.

cosmological; → model.

cosmological principle
  پروز ِ کیهان‌شناسیک، ~ کیهان‌شناختی   
parvaz-e keyhânšenâsik, ~ keyhânšenâxti

Fr.: principe cosmologique   

The → hypothesis that on → large scales the → Universe is → isotropic and → homogeneous, that is, it appears the same at all places and, from any one place, looks the same in all directions. See also → perfect cosmological principle.

Introduced by E.A. Milne in 1933; → cosmological; → principle.

cosmological redshift
  سرخ کیب ِ کیهان‌شناسیک، ~ کیهان‌شناختی   
sorxkib-e keyhânšenâsik, ~ keyhânšenâxti

Fr.: décalage vers le rouge cosmologique, redshift ~   

The → redshift of a remote object (galaxy, quasar, supenova) due to the expansion of the Universe.

cosmological; → redshift.

current cosmological epoch
  زیمه‌ی ِ کیهانشناختی ِ کنونی   
zime-ye keyhânšenâxti-ye konuni

Fr.: époque cosmologique actuelle   

The → Universe at the → redshift z = 0.

current; → cosmological; → epoch.

first-order logic (FOL)
  گوییک ِ فراسنی ِ رایه‌ی ِ نخست، ~ فراسنهای ِ ~ ~   
guyik-e farâsani-ye râye-ye naxost, ~ farâsanhâ-ye ~ ~

Fr.: logique des prédicats du premier ordre   

A system of → formal logic that is an extension of → propositional logic. It is also known as → first-order predicate calculus and → predicate logic. FOL eliminates deficiencies of propositional logic by: representing → objects (their properties, relations and statements about them), introducing → variables, and introducing → quantifiers.

first; → order; → predicate; → logic.

formal logic
  گوییک ِ دیسه‌ای، ~ دیسه‌ور   
guyik-e diseyi, ~ disevar

Fr.: logique formelle   

The traditional or → classical logic in which the → validity or → invalidity of a conclusion is deduced from two or more statements (→ premises). Based on Aristotle's (384-322 BC) theory of → syllogism, systematized in his book "Organon," its focus is not on what is stated (the content) but on the structure (form) of the → argument and the validity of the inference drawn from the premises of the argument; if the premises are true then the logical consequence must also be true. Formal logic is → bivalent, that is it recognizes only two → truth values: → true and → false. The basic principles of formal logic are: 1) → principle of identity, 2) → principle of excluded middle, and 3) → principle of non-contradiction. See also → symbolic logic, → fuzzy logic.

formal; → logic.

fuzzy logic
  گوییک ِ پرزوار   
guyik-e porzvâr

Fr.: logic flou   

A mathematical logic that recognizes more than simple → true and → false → propositions. With fuzzy logic, propositions can be represented with degrees of truthfulness and falsehood. In this system, → truth values are → fuzzy sets without sharp boundaries (→ crisp set) in contrast with → classical logic. Fuzzy logic is applied to a wide range of problems including: industrial control, domestic goods, decision making, robotics, intelligent machines, and image processing in medicine.

fuzzy; → logic.

fuzzy logic system
  راژمان ِ گوییک ِ پرزوار   
râžmân-e guyik-e porzvâr

Fr.: système de logic flou   

An engineering system which uses → fuzzy logic. It generally consists of four main components: → fuzzification interface (fuzzifier), → fuzzy rule base, → fuzzy inferencing unit, and → defuzzification interface (difuzzifier). Also called → fuzzy inference system.

fuzzy; → logic; → system.

geologic
  زمین‌شناختی   
zaminšenâxti (#)

Fr.: géologique   

Of, pertaining to, or based on → geology. Also geological.

From geolog(y), → geology, + → -ic.


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