An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
English-French-Persian

1) General: The process of making something square; the act of squaring.
2) Math.: The act or process of constructing a → square with an area equal to that of a specified surface, especially a surface bounded by a curve.
3) Astro.: The position of a planet or the Moon when it makes a 90° angle with the Sun as seen from Earth.

From L. quadratura, from quadrat(us) p.p. of quadrare "to make square."

1) Cârušeš verbal noun of cârušidan "to square," from câruš "square," from Av. caθruša-, → quadratic.
Câruši quality noun of câruš "square," as preceding.
2) Navadân, from navad "ninety," referring to the longitude difference of 90° (Mid.Pers. nawad; Av. nauuaiti- "ninety," from nauua- "nine" (Mod.Pers. noh); cf. Skt. navati- "ninety") + -ân suffix of place and time.

Constructing a square whose area equals that of a given circle. This was one of the three geometric problems of antiquity. It was finally proved to be an impossible problem when π was proven to be transcendental by Lindemann in 1882. Same as → squaring the circle.

→ quadrature; → circle.