An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
English-French-Persian

The south polar area, south of latitude 66° 33' 8'' S.

Antarctic, from O.Fr. antartique, from M.L. antarcticus, from Gk. antarktikos "opposite the north," from → anti- "opposite" + arktikos, → arctic.

Daštargân, from daštar, → south, + -gân suffix indicating the direction.
Jonubgân, from jonub "south," from Ar. janub "south," + -gân, as above.

The north polar area, north of latitude 66° 33' 8'' N.

Arctic, from O.Fr. artique, from L. arcticus, from Gk. arktikos "of the north," literally "of the (northerly prominent constellation) Bear," from arktos "bear" (cf. Av. arša-, Mod.Pers. xers, Tabari aš, Skt. rksa, L. ursus; PIE *rtko-).

Hudargân, from hudar, → north, + -gân prefix denoting the direction.
Šomâlgân, from šomâl "north," from Ar. šemâl "north, left"+ -gân.