An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
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Of or pertaining to Galileo Galilei (1564-1642), Italian physicist and astronomer.

Same as → Galilean relativity.

→ Galilean; → invariance.

Same as → Galilean satellites.

→ Galilean; → moon.

Same as → inertial reference frame.

→ Galilean; → reference; → frame.

The principle according to which the fundamental laws of physics are the same in all frames of reference moving with constant velocity with respect to one another (→ inertial reference frames). Same as → Galilean invariance and → Newtonian relativity.
See also: → Galilean transformation, → Einsteinian relativity.

→ Galilean; → relativity.

The four largest and brightest satellites of → Jupiter, that is: → Io (Jupiter I), → Europa, → Ganymede, and → Callisto.

Galileo, who had discovered them, called them Sidera Medicæa "Medicean Stars" in honor of the Medici family. → Galilean Moons; → satellite.

The method of relating a measurement in one → reference frame to another moving with a constant velocity with respect to the first within the → Newtonian mechanics. The Galilean transformation between the coordinate systems (x,y,z,t) and (x',y',z',t') is expressed by the relations: x' = x - vt, y' = y, z' = z. Galilean transformations break down at high velocities and for electromagnetic phenomena and is superseded by the → Lorentz transformations.

→ Galilean; → transformation.