An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
English-French-Persian

The occupation or science of cultivating the land, producing crops, and feeding, breeding, and raising livestock; farming.

M.E., from M.Fr., from L. agricultura, compound of agri cultura "cultivation of land," from agri, genitive of ager "a field" + cultura "cultivation," → culture.

Kešâvarzi "agriculture," from kešâvarz "farmer, cultivator," from kešt-varz. The first component kešt, variant kâšt, from kâštan, keštan, variants of kâridan "to cultivate, to plant;" Mid.Pers. kištan, kâridan "to sow, plant; to make furrows;" Av. kar- "to strew seed, cultivate," kāraiieiti "cultivates;" cf. Skt. kar- "to scatter, strew, pour out." The second component varz agent noun of varzidan "to labor, exercise, practise;" cf. Gk. ergon "work;" Arm. gorc "work;" Lith. verziu "tie, fasten, squeeze," vargas "need, distress;" Goth. waurkjan; O.E. wyrcan "work," wrecan "to drive, hunt, pursue;" PIE base *werg- "to do, to work."

1a) Enlightenment and sophistication acquired by a person or society through education, arts, letters, manners, and scholarly pursuits.
1b) The beliefs, customs, practices, and social behavior of a certain nation, people, or period.
2a) The growing of biological material (such as plants, microorganisms, animal tissue) for scientific study, medicinal use, etc.
2b) The product or growth resulting from such cultivation.

M.E., from M.Fr. culture from L. cultura "cultivation, agriculture; care; honoring," from p.p. stem of colere "to till, cultivate; inhabit; maintain; cherish, honor;" PIE *k^wel- "to move around;" cf. Av. car- "to move, go, walk," carāni "I would go," carāt "he would go;" Mid.Pers. car- "to pasture, graze," carag "pasture, grazing; flock;" Mod.Pers. caridan "to graze;" Skt. car- "to move, go, walk;" Gk. pelomai "to move."

1) Farhang "culture, education; dictionary," related to farhixtan "to educate," âhanjidan "to draw up;" Mid.Pers. frahang "education, instruction; knowledge," frahixtan, frahanjidan "to educate;" Av. fraθang- "to drive forward, to drive to," from frā-, fra- "forward, forth," → pro-, + θang-, θanj- "to draw, to pull."
2) Kešt past stem of keštan, variants kâštan, kâridan "to cultivate, to plant;" Mid.Pers. kištan, kâridan "to sow, plant; to make furrows;" Av. kar- "to strew seed, cultivate," kāraiieiti "cultivates;" cf. Skt. kar- "to scatter, strew, pour out."

The ability of a farm to produce food indefinitely, without causing severe or irreversible damage to → ecosystem health.

→ sustainable; → agriculture.

The science, production, and study of → grapes.

From L. viti(s) "vine" + → culture.

Mowkâri, from mow→ vine + kâri noun from kâštan "to cultivate," → culture.