An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
English-French-Persian

To substitute (one thing for another); exchange. → mutation.
Math., logic: To satisfy or engage in a commutative operation.

From L. commutare "to change altogether," from → com- + mutare "to change," from PIE base *mei- "to change, go, move;" cf. Av. miθô "inverted, false," miθaoxta- "wrong spoken;" Skt. methati "changes, alternates, joins, meets," mithah "mutual, reciprocal;" L. meare "to go, pass," mutuus "done in exchange;" Goth. maidjan "to change;" E. prefix mis- (in mistake).

Âmutidan, from intensive prefix â- + mut, from L. mutare cognate with Av. miθô, as above, + -idan infinitive suffix.

1a) Silent; refraining from speech or utterance.
1b) Not emitting or having sound of any kind.
2a) To turn off (a microphone, a speaker, or audio.
2b) To muffle, reduce, or eliminate the sound of (Dictionary.com).

M.E. muet, mewet, muwet, from O.Fr. müet, muet "dumb, mute," from L. mutus "silent, dumb," ultimately from PIE imitative base *meue-; cf. Skt. mûka- "dumb;" Gk. mukos, mutis "dumb," myein "to be shut" (of the mouth); Iranian Khotanese mutä "dumb."

Xab, from Pers. xab "silent, mute," variants xape, xafe, xabak, xabâk "choked, strangled."

M.E., from L. permutare "to change throughout," from per- "through" + mutare "to change," from PIE base *mei- "to change, go, move;" cf. Av. miθô "inverted, false," miθaoxta- "wrong spoken;" Skt. methati "changes, alternates, joins, meets," mith- "to alternate, meet," mithás "opposite, in opposition;" L. meare "to go, pass," mutuus "done in exchange;" Goth. maidjan "to change;" E. prefix mis- (in mistake).

Permutidan, from permute, as above.

To change from one nature, substance, form, or condition into another.

M.E., from L. transmutare "to shift," from → trans- + mutare "to change," from PIE base *mei- "to change, go, move;" cf. Av. miθô "inverted, false," miθaoxta- "wrong spoken;" Skt. methati "changes, alternates, joins, meets," mith- "to alternate, meet," mithás "opposite, in opposition;" L. meare "to go, pass," mutuus "done in exchange;" Goth. maidjan "to change;" E. prefix mis- (in mistake).

Tarâmutidan, from tarâ-→ trans- + mutidan, from L. mutare, as above.

To remove a mute from (a musical instrument).

→ un-; → mute.